Structure Review 📍Paris 🇫🇷 🥖 General Information ℹ️ Location: Parvis Notre-Dame – place Jean-Paul-II, Paris, France 🇫🇷 Architect: Style: French Gothic Construction Dates: 1163–1345 Website: www.notredamedeparis.fr 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 Dennis Jarvis, Julie Anne Workman, Peter Haas Architectural Insight The Île-de-la-Cité on which Notre-Dame de Paris now stands was once a Gallo-Roman city known as Lutetia. The cathedral has been built right over remnants of a temple. Around 1710, pieces of a sculpted altar dedicated to Jupiter and other deities were discovered during an excavation under the choir. At first glance, Notre-Dame’s two towers appear like identical twins. Closer examination reveals that the north tower is, in fact, a bit bigger than the south. As with all the elements of the cathedral, they were built over time, and reflect how the cathedral is more of a collage of architectural trends and leadership than the culmination of one person’s vision. Follow us on Facebook @structuresinsider

Quick FACTS🧾 Nicknamed ‘the spaceship’ because of the scale of the circular building, it measures 1 mile in circumference, with a diameter of 461 m (1,512 ft). Designed by Norman Foster and engineered by ARUP it can accommodate 14,200 parking spaces and more than 12,000 staff!!! Location: 1 Apple Park Way, Cupertino, California, United States Structural Engineer: ARUP Architects: Foster and Partners Construction Cost: $5 billion Land cost: estimated at $160 million Floor area: 2,800,000 sq ft (260,000 m2) 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 Engineering & Environmental 🏗 The structure is said to be one of the most energy-efficient structures ever built. The site is said to entirely powered from renewable energy, with solar panels installed on the roof capable of generating 17 megawatts of power which will be sufficient to power 75% of the building's power usage during peak daytime hours. The air flows freely between the inside and outside of the building, providing natural ventilation and obviating the need for HVAC systems during nine months of the year. This is achieved by using the 4,300 hollow concrete slabs which act as the floors and ceilings as an innovative air-conditioning system. In effect, this makes it a ‘breathing’ building. There are now over 9,000 trees on-site, including indigenous oaks and orchards, as well as meadows, sports fields, terraces and a secluded pond. Construction Saga During construction, the building's structure was started by DPR/Skanska, but they were removed from the job for undisclosed reasons. Rudolph and Sletten and Holder Construction completed the structure, envelope, and interior buildout. Truebeck Construction (then known as BNBTBuilders) worked on the exterior landscaping, Steve Jobs Theater, and the health and fitness centre. McCarthy Building Companies built the parking garage, and Granite Construction performed road widening and utility work. Health & Safety issues with the curved glazing glass In February 2018, there were reports that emergency services had treated Apple staff for injuries caused by walking into the campus' numerous glazed walls. At least two people had received treatment for minor cuts to the head and, according to a report on Twitter, seven people 'physically hurt' themselves on the first day the campus opened. Architecture🏢 Steve Jobs, in his final public appearance before his death in October 2011 was quoted as saying: I really do think that architecture students will come here to see it The simple form of the Ring Building conceals immense expertise and innovation. It comprises a few core elements: communal ‘pod’ spaces for collaboration, private office spaces for concentrated work, and broad, glazed perimeter walkways – featuring the largest sheets of curved glass ever constructed – that allow uninterrupted connection to the landscape. Apple Park simple form conceals the innovation and futuristic ideas of what Apple company is all about. The campus is Californian in spirit: open and connected to nature and the product of a remarkable collaboration. Its landscape and buildings form a seamless whole: the Ring Building, Steve Jobs Theater, Fitness & Wellness Center, Visitors’ Center and South Parking are all encompassed by flowing parkland that enhances the buildings as places to socialise, exercise and work. One of the most advanced precast concrete structures in the world, over 4,000 slabs, which span up to 15 metres (48 feet), make up the Ring’s floors. Known as ‘void slabs’, these multi-use elements form the structure and exposed ceiling, incorporate radiant heating and cooling and provide air return. Sources: www.fosterandpartners.com You May Also Like: What's the most impressive ancient structure in the world? Concrete variable radius arch dam explained New York City is planning to expand Manhattan into East River to battle climate change

General Information ℹ️ Location: Via Carlo Maria Martini, 1 20122 Milan, Italy 🇮🇹 Architect: Simone da Orsenigo Style: Italian/ Rayonnant Gothic Construction Start Date: 1386 Website: Milan Duomo Tickets: at Milan Cathedral and Rooftop Ticket from 14.92£ 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 Architectural Insight The Duomo is the fifth largest Christian church in the world and remains incomplete for centuries. They say there are more statues on this gothic-style cathedral than any other building in the world. There are 3,400 statues, 135 gargoyles and 700 figures that decorate Milan Duomo! Climb the stairs or take the lift to the rooftop to fully appreciate the architecture of the most renowned silhouette in the city. The highest point of the dome occupies the Madonnina (Little Madonna), the 4.16 meters (13.6 feet) large golden statue at 108.5 meters (356 feet) height shines afar in the sun. Engineering Insight Construction began in 1386 and finished centuries after in 1965 taking an astonishing 579 years to build. The materials used were Brick with local Candoglia marble. Three main buildings had to be demolished prior to the construction works could start. as a starting point in 1386, 300 workers led by chief engineer Simone da Orsenigo were appointed to the project. The cathedral can accommodate a capacity of 40,000 spectators. Dimensions specifications : 158.6 x 92 x 108 metres Follow us on Facebook @structuresinsider

30 billion rubles is estimated to cost the new skyscraper in Moscow city. Officials from the Moscow mayor office say the "One Tower" will be 405m (1328 feet) high with 101 floors. The one tower will surpass his neighbour " Federation Tower " which stands at a height of 373.7 m (1226 ft). Visit Structures Insider Home Page for more stories The author of the project, architect Sergey Skuratov, linked the tower to a yacht canvas and an aeroplane wing. Moscow authorities approved the project construction and 2,000 workers are planned to work on site. Source: https://www.rt.com/business/463535-moscow-tallest-skyscraper-europe/ The tower will have 1500 apartments and will be the first skyscraper that will have apartments in the heart of Moscow downtown. The residents will have a total area of 8000 square meters at their disposal. Top floors will accommodate some of the finest restaurants brands that will include a panorama view of the rural city of Moscow. The construction is planned to last 5 years. DON'T MISS OUT: 137,500 elephants were used for the construction of Burj Khalifa

The planned skyscraper was rejected by the London Review Panel The design proposal was a 300m (984 ft) skyscraper to be constructed beside the Gherkin tower on Bury Street, in downtown London. The firm behind the design is Norman Foster's architects were "disappointed" and have a right to appeal the mayor's decision to reject the proposal. The "Tulip" would have been the second tallest building in western Europe right behind its neighbour, The Shard. 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 Some of the reasons behind the rejection of the project, quoting from the BBC were: The design did not constitute the very highest quality of design required for a building in the location The proximity, height and material would have a negative impact on the Tower of London World Heritage site The space around the proposed building was insufficient to be safe and to prevent overcrowding A lack of new cycle parking spaces failed to comply with the London Plan for transport. The chief executive of Historic England, Duncan Wilson, had expressed similar concerns with Mr Sadiq Khan. “ This building, a lift shaft with a bulge on top, would damage the very thing its developers claim they will deliver – tourism and views of London’s extraordinary heritage,” Wilson said. Since you’re here… Future skyscraper in Moscow City to become the tallest building in Europe 30 billion rubles is estimated to cost the new skyscraper in Moscow city. Officials from the Moscow mayor office say the "One Tower" will be 405m (1328 feet) high with 101 floors. The one tower will surpass his neighbour " Federation Tower " which stands at a height of 373.7 m (1226 ft).

Weekly Architectural Insight Berlin Jüdisches Museum designed by architect Daniel Libeskind is one of the world undisputed museums and architectural gems. It is located next to the former Baroque courthouse Kollegienhaus designed by Philipp Gerlach, that served as a Jewish department. The museum is a stunning architectural achievement of cultural identity with an attempt of integrating physically and spiritually the meaning of the Holocaust into the memory and consciousness of people of Berlin. This lightning-bolt shaped building is connected with the old building, where the new structure itself seems like a separated building but not having a formal exterior entrance, is connected by three underground passageways. 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 The visitor must endure the anxiety of hiding and losing the sense of direction before having to choose between the three underground routes. Looking at it from a birds view some would assume the interior would be as straight forward as its exterior, a zig-zag corridor. However, the interior spaces are extremely complex. Libeskind formulated promenade leads for people to go through galleries, empty spaces and always get into dead ends. There are slits for windows with a result of only a silver light stripe is entering a space with the whole purpose for visitors to experience what the Jewish people during WWII felt, such that even in the darkest moments where you feel like there is no hope in escaping, a small trace of light restores that hope. One of the most emotional and powerful spaces in the museum is a 66 feet (20 m) tall void that runs through the entire building. Also, adding a cold and overwhelming atmosphere to space are the bare concrete walls. Furthermore, the only light source in the room is a small slit that is located at the top of the room's space. The ground is covered in 10,000 coarse iron faces, as a symbol of the lost during the Holocaust. The building is less of a museum or just space to house the museum. The building itself is an experience depicting what most cannot understand nor imagine. “The Jewish Museum is conceived as an emblem in which the Invisible and the Visible are the structural features which have been gathered in this space of Berlin and laid bare in an architecture where the unnamed remains the name which keeps still.” -Daniel Libeskind Source: archdaily.com , wikipedia.org , Berlin.de , jmberlin.de

Venue Review Wukesong Arena 五棵松體育館 BEIJING The 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup is the 18th tournament of the FIBA Basketball World Cup for men's national basketball teams. The tournament is hosted in China and was rescheduled from 2018 to 2019, becoming the first since 1967 that will not occur in the same year as the FIFA World Cup. 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 STADIUM FACTS 📐📚 Stadium capacity: 19 000 Square Area: 63 000 m^2 ( 75,347.4 square yards) Construction Dates: 29 March 2005 - 11 January 2008 Architect: Gu Yonghui Seasonal Tenants: Beijing Ducks (CBA), HC Kunlun Red Star (KHL), Beijing Lions (CAFL) Website: http://wks.arena.bloomagelive.com/ The stadium was first officially used in the 2008 Olympics that hosted the basketball games. It was a large-scale comprehensive project, rare in Beijing in integrating cultural, sporting, and commercial purposes with large-scale gardens and green spaces. On the 6th of January 2011, the stadium naming rights were acquired by MasterCard Worldwide and renamed to " MasterCard Center ". The venue hosted more than 50 entertainment events from Musicians to Baseball MLB game. Some of the musicians were: Elton John, Usher, Kanye West, Beyoncé. Follow us on Facebook @structuresinsider

Architectural Insight General Information ℹ️ Architectural style: Contemporary Architect: Snøhetta Location: Oslo, Norway Completed: 2007 - 2008 Client: Statsbygg Structural system: Flat "iceberg" shape with inclined, white lines 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 A bit about the ARCHITECT Snøhetta (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈsnøːˌhɛtɑ]) began as a collaborative architectural and landscape workshop and has remained true to its trans-disciplinary way of thinking since its inception. Our work strives to enhance our sense of surroundings, identity and relationship to others and the physical spaces we inhabit, whether feral or human-made. Museums, products, reindeer observatories, graphics, landscapes and dollhouses get the same care and attention to purpose. Venue EVENTS A variety of Operas, Ballets and concerts are presented at the Oslo Opera. BUY Tickets here 🎫 WEBSITE: https://operaen.no/en/your-visit-at-oslo-operahouse/practical-information/ ENGINEERING Facts Engineer: ARUP In addition to the acoustic design for the main auditorium, the Arup team brought its international opera house experience to bear on controlling noise from theatre equipment and other aspects of the venue’s acoustic design. SoundLab produces an accurate 3D sound experience that allows clients, users, architects and designers to listen to music in the proposed design and compare the sound quality against different world-class auditoria. It even gives the option of listening from different seats in the virtual auditorium. RECCOMENDED VIDEO FOR YOU...

General Info 📚 The Museum of Ethnography in Budapest is one of the largest ethnography museums in Europe. If you are into travel photos, and National Geographic photography, you will love this place. It was founded as the Ethnographic Department of the Hungarian National Museum in 1872 The museum focuses on the way of life, culture and art of the Hungarian peasantry. For more stories visit Structure's Insider Archive The Old Design 🗿 The building that hosts the museum today, was originally built by Alajos Haussmann (1847-1926) for the Ministry of Justice After World War II, damages to the building were repaired and the entire palatial construction renovated by the architect Elemér Csánk. In 1950 the Institute of the Hungarian Labour Movement moved into the building. Later, in April 1957, it was occupied by the Institute of Party History and the Hungarian National Gallery. The Museum of Ethnography moved in in 1973. Ticket prices 🎟 1400 HUF full-price adult tickets, 700 HUF children (and EU citizens under 26) Opening Hours at the Hungarian Museum of Ethnography, Budapest Tuesday – Sunday  10 am – 6 pm (closed on Mondays) The Ultimate tour guide of Budapest Recommended by Structures Insider Available to buy on Amazon here The New Design 🏗 In 2016, a competition to determine the designer the museum of ethnography in Hungary resulted in a shortlist of 15 high-profile teams. The winner of the contest was locally-based firm Napur Architect, who beat established names such as BIG, OMA, and Zaha Hadid Architects to win the commission. The new building forms part of liget Budapest, a vast development that involves the complete rehabilitation of the centrally located city park. as part of the masterplan, scheduled to complete by 2020. As part of light Budapest, the collection that comprises the museum of ethnography will be housed in a purpose-built facility for the first time. Napur architect describes its design as having dynamic yet simple lines that both harmonize with the park environment and communicate with the surrounding urban area. Positioned at the edge of the park, the project has been conceived as a gateway to the city that allows pedestrians to access its two green roofs. In fact, sixty per cent of the structure will be below ground, with its two ends curving upwards to bring in natural light and provide additional floor space. Source: https://www.neprajz.hu, https://www.designboom.com You May Also Like: 5 books you NEED to own if you are a 1st-year civil engineering student Top 5 engineering consulting firms 2019 What's the most impressive ancient structure in the world?

General Info 📚 Architect: Henning Larsen Architectural style: Neo-futurism Construction dates: 2001-2005 Seating capacity:1,700 Design of one of the largest canopy roof structures in the world. 👉For more stories visit Structure’s Insider HomePage👈 A bit about the Architect Henning Larsen, (20 August 1925 – 22 June 2013) was a Danish architect. He is internationally known for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building in Riyadh and the Copenhagen Opera House. Larsen studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, from which he graduated in 1952. He continued studies subsequently at the Architectural Association School of Architecture and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Larsen founded an architectural firm that bears his name, Henning Larsen Architects (formerly Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S). From 1968 to 1995, he was a professor of architecture at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. In 1985, he established the SKALA architecture gallery and the parallel SKALA architecture journal, both entities of which continued until 1994. Source: Wikipedia You Will Also Like: The Complexity of the Copenhagen Opera House roof |Finite Element Analysis using LUSAS Architectural Insight The building was designed by architect Henning Larsen in close and often problematic collaboration with Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller. Mærsk wanted the building to have several features in its design: it would not become obsolete in function and appearance due to any fiscal compromise. He personally tested seats and materials, he visited many places in the world to see how opera buildings were constructed and how the building materials were looking after having been exposed over time to weather. Henning Larsen, on the other hand, was trying to make sure that the original architectural ideas were carried through the construction process, especially concerning the large glass surface front, which became a matter of great controversy and subsequent compromise. The building exterior is faced with Jura Gelb, a beige limestone quarried in Germany. It is situated on ground that is surrounded by canals that are designed to give the impression the structure is on an island. The bridges constructed to access the building were made from oak trees originally planted in the 19th century for use in replacing the national fleet that was lost with the bombardment of Copenhagen in September 1807. The front of the building was originally designed with large glazing panels in order to see the shell of the auditorium from the harbourside. However, Mærsk emphasized that glass does not age well, so the façade was changed to a metal grid. The foyer floor is Sicilian Perlatino marble. The central foyer holds three spherical chandeliers created by the Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson. Each chandelier consists of several pieces of glass, which are semipermeable allowing some light to pass, and some to reflect. The patterns change when viewed from different angles. The auditorium ceiling is gilded with about 105,000 sheets of an almost pure carat (100%) gold leaf. The floor in the main auditorium is smoked oak. The balcony faces have been designed with openings in a special pattern to improve sound quality, and LED-based lighting that can be illuminated in a variety of patterns. Read more: 5 Structures you can't miss when visiting Madrid, Spain Planning a trip to Cologne? This is everything you need to know about Cologne Cathedral What's the most impressive ancient structure in the world?

General Info 📑 Renzo Piano, born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable buildings include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (with Richard Rogers, 1977), The Shard in London (2012), and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2015) and Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center in Athens (2016). He won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998. 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 Top of his most recognised buildings are listed below: No.3: New York Times Building 🇺🇸 FACTS 🏗📊 Owner: The New York Times Height: 1,046 ft (318.8 m) Cost: $850 million 💰 Location: 620 Eighth Avenue, Manhattan, New York 10018 Structural engineer: Thornton Tomasetti No2: Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens 🇬🇷 FACTS 🏗📊 Type: Cultural Center Website: http://www.snfcc.org/ Cost: €566 million Capacity: 1,400-seat opera auditorium and a 400-seat black box theatre. No1: The Shard, London 🇬🇧 FACTS 🏗📊 Cost: £435 million Height: 310 m (1,017 ft) Structural engineer: WSP Global Lifts/elevators: 36 You May Also Like: What's the most impressive ancient structure in the world? 5 Structures you can't miss when visiting Madrid, Spain Planning a trip to Cologne? This is everything you need to know about Cologne Cathedral

General Informationℹ️ Client: OPPO Telecommunications Location: Shenzhen, China 🇨🇳 planned completion period: 2020-2025 Proposed height: 200m Floor count: 42 floors Square Area: 185 000 m2 Innovations: LEED Gold certification 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 Zaha Hadid Architects was awarded the opportunity to design the brand-new Shenzhen headquarters for electronics and mobile giant Oppo, China’s top smartphone manufacturer. ZHA was able to secure the win among the five finalists for the project which included other top firms such as Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners (RSHP), and Henning Larsen Architects HK. Abit about OPPO: Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd, commonly referred to as OPPO, is a Chinese consumer electronics and mobile communications company headquartered in Dongguan, Guangdong. It is a subsidiary of BBK Electronics Corporation along with OnePlus, Vivo, and Realme. Its major product lines include smartphones, Blu-ray players, and other electronic devices. Oppo is the 5th largest smartphone manufacturer in the world with more than 40 000 employees in more than 40 countries. As Architectural Digest reported: With its new headquarters in Shenzhen, the company hopes to reflect what it calls its “commitment to connectivity through design.” and... Large atrium spaces unite all occupants through visual connectivity, helping to foster collaboration between different departments,” the firm’s statement read. The 185,000 square meter project consists of four interconnected towers, reaching maximum heights of 200m with 42 floors, generating large civic spaces at street level. The first two towers offer “flexible, open-plan spaces linked by a 20-story vertical lobby, and two external service towers providing vertical circulation”. Shifting the service core to the exterior of the building provides an unrestricted and uninterrupted view throughout the building. Project credits: Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects Design: Patrik Schumacher and Christos Passas Zaha Hadid Architects project directors: Charles Walker (Commercial Director), Christos Passas (Design Director), Satoshi Ohashi (ZHA China Director) Zaha Hadid Architects project associates: Hussam Chakouf (Competition Lead), Juan Liu, Yang Jingwen Zaha Hadid Architects project designers: Melhem Sfeir (Competition Lead), Duo Chen, Katerina Smirnova Zaha Hadid Architects project team: Massimo Napoleoni (Facade Specialist), Aleksander Bursac, Mihai Dragos-Porta, Vera Kichanova, Ying Xia, Che-Hung Chien, Meng Zhao, Qi Cao, Alex Turner (Graphic Designer) Zaha Hadid Architects workspace analysts: Uli Blum, Philipp Siedler, Lorena Espaillat Bencosme Zaha Hadid Architects project support: Tatiana Chembereva, Camille Kelly Sources: Zaha Hadid Architects, archdaily