Project Failure (Cost, Time and Quality) In all developed projects, a balance between cost and value must be established (CIOB, 2014) . The nature of the project would be influential in determining the prioritised objective of time , cost or quality /performance. As outlined in the publication by the Society of Construction Law (CIOB, 2014) , the most common causes that result in a project failure, where the lack of clear links between the project and the client’s organisation key strategic priorities with a misunderstanding on the agreed measures of success were the causes of projects not achieving the promised deliverables. Recent researched into major projects by (Dalton, 2008) as shown in Table 1 found that 75-80% of the causes of projects failing were due to procurement, the definition of project requirements and the client’s management capabilities. Table 1 - Top 10 risk sources of infrastructure projects failure (Dalton, 2008) Procurement Models

Determining the Cost of Green Hydrogen Studies have found that there is significant variation in the cost of electrolyzer systems, ranging from USD 306/kW up to USD 4,748/kW . Thus, demonstrating the challenge of finding representative numbers for capital and operation costs of electrolyzers (Saba, et al., 2020). As such, these costs are determined based on the combination of projected overall costs of green hydrogen along with the estimated cost breakdown of electricity costs, CAPEX, and OPEX. Work by Jeffers, et al. (2021) shows cost breakdown estimates for green hydrogen in 2020 and 2050, as tabulated in Table 1. Using these values, the cost breakdown percentiles of green hydrogen in 2030 and 2040 can also be determined through extrapolation. The cost breakdown for each decade is presented in Figure 1.

Article Info Word Count: 307 Author credentials: PhD in Infrastructure Engineering and Management Content 1. Characteristic Strength in Concrete Structures 1.1 American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318 1.2 Eurocode (EN 1992-1-1) 1.3 Indian Standard (IS 456) 1.4 British Standard (BS 8110) 2. Characteristic Strength in Steel Structures 2.1 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 2.2 Eurocode (EN 1993-1-1) 2.3 Indian Standard (IS 800) The characteristic strength of concrete is defined as the compressive strength below, which is not more than 5% of the test results are expected to fall.

In most cases, cost is directly correlated to safety. Automobiles with the latest safety features. Nursery items with high-tech child protection. Organic foods that aren’t farmed with harmful pesticides.  Consumers will undoubtedly pay more for these items.  In the construction industry, however, cost does not always equate to quality, especially in the realm of safety. In many cases, there are more affordable options that are just as safe as their pricier counterparts. With this in mind, keep reading as we explore some cost-effective materials used in construction that don’t scrimp on safety. Composite Roofing Shingles Modern roofs face many threats to their safety. Fire. Extreme winds. Mold buildup. Unfortunately, many of the most durable roofing products have traditionally been among the most expensive. For example, slate, which is largely considered one of the most robust roofing options, can cost upwards of $30 per square foot. Much of this cost is due to the fact that slate is very heavy, requiring specialized machinery and skilled contractors for proper installation. It may also require additional weight-bearing capacity than cheaper roofing, limiting the types of structures on which it can be used. To help ensure slate-level durability at a fraction of a cost, modern buildings are turning to innovative composite shingles. Fabricated from a mixture of asphalt, fiberglass, and recycled polymers, synthetic shingles are lightweight and easy to work with, making them suitable for all types of roofing substrates and installation by any roofing professional.  In addition to being among the leaders in mold resistant shingles , composite roofing also offers the highest fire, wind, and impact resistance on the market, offering premier ongoing protection for the structure. Also Read: Smart Materials: Shaping the Future of Adaptive Architecture Innovative Materials in Modern Construction: A Deep Dive Reclaimed Wood Not only is reclaimed wood less expensive than freshly-harvested timber, but it is the more environmentally-friendly option as it cuts down on energy usage and deforestation concerns.  It is great for furniture, deck railing, and shiplap accent walls. It can even be a flooring option for homeowners that want a rustic, weathered look. While reclaimed wood shouldn’t be used for framing or any other type of load-bearing application, it performs just as well as fresh timber for surface-level uses at a fraction of the cost. Permeable Gravel Driveways Concrete driveways are undoubtedly the most popular in suburban America. Their upfront cost is highly palatable. They also offer stunning aesthetics when new. With that said, time is not kind to concrete driveways. Moisture running off the surface leads to erosion that damages the substrate and surrounding landscape. This can cause buckling that is difficult and costly to repair. In addition, freezing conditions not only make concrete surfaces dangerous, but they lead to cracks that grow over time. If left unattended, they can turn into full-scale potholes that threaten vehicle and resident safety.  As a result, more and more homes are turning to permeable gravel driveways. This innovative system uses a series of heavy duty pavers  in the substrate which hold surface aggregate in place. This eliminates the shifting inherent to standard gravel driveways. Although a permeable gravel driveway may cost a bit more upfront than a standard concrete option, the elite drainage, ongoing aesthetics, and slip-resistant surface make them a great investment that will almost assuredly lead to lower lifetime costs through reduced maintenance and lower accident risk. Stone Veneer Stone veneer offers the same rustic charm as standard brick or other masonry surfaces without the hefty price tag. It is a thin layer of natural or engineered stone that is placed over wood, masonry, or concrete. Deployable for both interior and exterior walls, it is lighter weight and easier to maintain than traditional stone, making it the better choice for long-term cost savings, safety, and aesthetics. Cable Railings Cable railings are a trending option in all types of modern buildings. Not only are they great for rooftop decks thanks to their low profile for unencumbered views, but they are a sleek, stylish choice for stairways, balconies, and lofts in buildings that want to maximize a minimalist aesthetic.  Due to their thin nature, many people may be wondering: are cable railings as safe as more robust steel and glass options?   Yes . When properly installed, cable railings offer the same level of safety as other materials at a lower cost. There are just a couple of points to keep in mind. The cables must be taut enough to prevent a 4-inch sphere from passing through. This eliminates the threat of large falling objects and children getting their heads stuck. In addition, it is crucial to choose the appropriate railing mount . For cable railings, surface-mount posts connected directly to the deck or stair tread offer the best balance of cost and durability. Bamboo Bamboo makes it onto many lists of trendy building products. It is basically a grass that functions as a hardwood. This makes it highly sustainable because it can be grown on small lots and in a fraction of the time as timber. This helps keep costs under control . Often interchangeable with hardwood, bamboo can be used for furniture, flooring, internal walls, and a wide range of other applications.  Trim the Budget Without Compromising Safety with Innovative Materials In the construction industry, cost is not a universal indicator of safety. From composite roofing to bamboo flooring, consider any of the cost-effective materials listed above that do not sacrifice on safety.

Bustling neighborhoods, noisy apartment complexes, and clamorous industrial facilities have long been the bane of peace and productivity in communities. Fast forward to 2025, when buildings are becoming increasingly multi-use, and the need for sound control is greater than ever. Fortunately, there are a number of innovative materials and techniques that can assist in soundproofing from the very beginning of the construction plans. Keep reading as we explore some of the best ways to build for acoustics in structural design. Start with the Framing Choosing the correct framing material is one of the fundamental means of creating a quiet building. Air can move through small cracks in structural wood panels. This can cause small vibrations that allow noise to pass through the walls. Metal beams can also transmit exterior noise from weather and projectile impact without the proper insulation.  When framing for sound control, many builders consider concrete block walls. While they do a solid job of reflecting sound waves, they too need to be well-insulated to achieve premium soundproofing. Rather than spend a lot of time determining how to insulate block walls , it is worthwhile to explore insulated concrete forms (ICF).  This innovative framing system uses a series of precast insulated foam blocks that are locked in place at the construction site and set with concrete. The result is an airtight, double-insulation layer that gives the building the highest level of thermal and noise insulation on the market. Seal the Windows Not only do leaky windows kill energy efficiency, but they allow exterior noise to enter the structure. This can be quite problematic in bustling urban areas or regions that experience strong winds and/or heavy precipitation. Therefore, go the extra mile when choosing sealant for the window frames. Special acoustic caulk is designed for increased flexibility that can more effectively limit sound transmission than traditional silicone caulk, which can harden and crack over time. Optimize the HVAC System A building’s HVAC system has to do a lot of work. The fans and motors required to move large quantities of air can create quite the hum. Increased airflow during times of extreme temperature, leaks in the ductwork, and incorrect duct sizing can add to the din. This will create a distraction for all building occupants, reducing comfort and productivity.  There are several tips to optimize the system for HVAC noise reduction . A few of the most effective include: Seal leaks - a logical first place to start, patching leaks in the ductwork can keep air moving through the appropriate channels, creating a quieter, more efficient system. Reduce inlet noise - acoustical louvers can strip noise from the ambient air as it is sucked into the HVAC system. Balance air flow - it is crucial to have the correct amount of air flowing through the ductwork. Too much can create additional noise by putting the pipes under strain. Volume dampers are a great solution for ensuring that the correct amount of air is flowing through each branch of the ductwork. Other HVAC optimization techniques that can also play a role in noise reduction include reducing duct rattle, adding sound-absorbing blankets around compressors, improving vibration control of blower motors, and upgrading the HVAC system altogether if it has multiple issues. Read Also: The Psychology of Residential Space: Designing for Well-Being and Comfort The Aesthetics of Architecture: Blending Form and Function Install Acoustic Panels Acoustic panels are attached to interior walls of a building. Typically fabricated from a sound-insulative frame of mineral wool or fiberglass, they are then wrapped in a decorative fabric to help enhance the interior ambiance of the building. With the ability to approach a noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 1 with as little as 15-25% wall coverage, they are a low-profile means of sound control in open interiors. Choose Quiet Insulation Generally, all types of insulation will offer some level of sound mitigation over uninsulated areas. However, not all insulation products are created equal in terms of soundproofing. Standard fiberglass batt insulation is less effective as a sound barrier than products such as mineral wool, spray foam, or mass-loaded vinyl.  Additionally, more and more structures are choosing mindfully sourced insulation products. This has made denim batts, fabricated from post-consumer cotton, a trending option in sustainable construction. When comparing denim insulation vs fiberglass , not only will you find that it provides elite R-value for thermal efficiency, but denim is considered a “quiet” insulation product. It achieves an NRC of up to 1.15 with proper application, helping guarantee serene interior spaces. Fortify the Pipes Much like the HVAC system, noisy pipes can become quite the distraction, especially in industrial settings that move a high-quantity of water and steam into and out of the facility. Consider adding mass-loaded vinyl or foam composite around pipes to dampen noise. This will limit the risk of a leak forming during times of extreme temperature and muffle sounds created from pipe vibrations. Create Tranquil Structures with Strategic Noise Control Design Strategies Noise pollution is an increasingly relevant concern in modern buildings. From ICF framing to innovative pipe insulation, consider any of the materials and techniques listed above when designing a building for acoustic performance.

3D concrete printing is a major technological advancement for this decade in the field of construction. Benefiting building and architecture, this new manufacturing process is changing the way buildings and infrastructure are designed and built and offer benefits beyond traditional methods.   What is 3D Concrete Printing? 3D concrete printing is an additive manufacturing technology that employs a unique printer to construct engineered structures. Whereas traditional construction needs formwork, labor and heavy equipment, 3D printing is an automated process that uses less material and is more efficient. Concrete-based materials are extruded from a nozzle in the construction process, allowing architects and engineers to include complex elements with precision.   Benefits associated with 3D Concrete Printing   Cost Efficiency Reducing overall costs is one of the biggest advantages of  3D concrete printing  technology. It helps in lowering construction costs due to lesser wastage of materials and lesser manual labor requirement. This way, projects are completed faster, which results in savings as well.   Speed of Construction 3D concrete printing also significantly hastens construction timelines, capable of delivering projects several times over quicker than traditional methods, which can take weeks or even months. It is possible to print modular structures and small homes in just a few days, which is a great solution for plenty of applications, e.g. disaster relief and low-income housing developments.   Design Flexibility Designers can use this technology to create tailored one-of-a-kind projects that would be incredibly complicated or even impossible to build using traditional architectural practices. Simply printing complex geometric shapes, curves, and patterns thanks to 3D printing allows sustainable architecture to be more creative.   Sustainability Another aspect of 3D concrete printing is that it reduces waste in  construction and encourages sustainable building .   Reduced Labor Requirements Construction work has been automated by 3D printing to the point where human labourers are rendered less significant. The technique is particularly useful in areas with not only inadequate numbers of workers, but also hazardous site conditions. Organizations succeed from improved personnel safety as 3D printing reduces threats associated with hazardous on-site environments. Where 3D Concrete Printing is applied   Housing & Real Estate Development Here are some of the ways 3D printing has increasingly been employed in the construction of inexpensive homes. Methods that were previously constricted by conventional methods now allow structures to be built at rates that conventional methods could never hope to achieve.   Infrastructure Projects Part of large-scale infrastructure development schemes, 3D concrete printing technology also applies to road components and bridges. State and private organizations alike invest in this technology development as it enables faster construction times and longer-lived products.   Disaster Relief Shelters It is viable due to the rapid application of 3D concrete printing technology for low-cost, resilient shelters to accommodate the masses of people displaced due to disaster in disaster-prone areas.   Commercial and Industrial Buildings Architects make use of 3D concrete printing in designing flexible structures for producing new innovative office buildings, as well as warehouses and commercial spaces that require less cost and environmental effects.   3D Concrete Printing in Construction: A Glimpse into the Future One of the most important issues we are facing today is sustainability building, which aims to minimize project waste, select sustainable materials and reduce project CO2 emissions — something that 3D concrete printing promotes. Moreover, 3D-printed structures can be made even more sustainable by researching recyclable materials to use for these constructions.   How Custom AEC Software Development Fuels 3D Concrete Printing 3D creeping print is disrupting the AEC industry through the speed and more financial completion of building projects. However, AEC has to be integrated with AEC software development solutions to realize its full potential.   All of this happens thanks to 3D concrete printing that can reach its efficiency thanks to high-precision Building Information Modeling (BIM), accurate data execution in real time corrected directly on the construction ground due to the AEC software development solutions that can provide completely controlled and automated workflow processes. For model planning, BIM assists architects and engineers with 3D models which improves accuracy and reduces wastage of material. AI-based software also optimizes the printing parameters, improving the building's structural integrity as well as the printed materials and their efficiency. Also Read: 3D Printing in construction: Prospects and Challenges All you need to know About 3D Printed Concrete Apart from construction design, custom AEC software is also integrated with ERP, project management tools, and cloud collaboration platform,s making the whole construction even more revolutionized. On-site construction management tools that help distribute resources in an efficient way through automated scheduling, for example, improve communication between different stakeholders in the projects, facilitating the right conditions for the smooth expedition of 3D-printed construction.   AEC custom software development solutions help construction companies to increase productivity, lower costs, and provide more design flexibility. As the sector evolves into automation and smart-construction, such a scenario is the cornerstone for the more embedded and inventive ones to come based on the new trend of the synergy between AEC software with 3D concrete printing for an advanced designing and construction process. Conclusion  The 3D concrete manufacturing technology completely transforms the construction industry, as it offers rapid solutions alongside lower-cost operations and positive environmental sustainability effects, unlike existing construction techniques. The construction sector will view 3D printing as genuinely transformational due to its potential to build houses and upgrade metropolitan infrastructures, whilst also generating viral architectural designs. With the advancement of technology, 3D printing will become the conventional construction method of transforming city and community construction processes.

Source: Mitsubishi Chemical Group A literature review on modern construction materials has several key areas to consider: 1. Innovative Materials Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) : Explore their applications, benefits, and limitations in construction, particularly for structural reinforcement and lightweight design. 3D Graphene : Discuss its strength, antibacterial properties, and potential for revolutionizing 3D printing in construction. Self-Healing Concrete : Investigate the mechanisms and effectiveness of concrete that can repair itself using embedded microcapsules.

Authors Credentials:  David John Varghese  CEng MICE  | Digital Lead/Principal Engineer | Design and Advanced Technology | AtkinsRealis '  Introduction In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape , civil engineers face a dual challenge: how to keep pace with technological advancements while simultaneously charting a successful career path. The digital revolution has ushered in a wave of innovative tools and solutions, promising to transform the way we approach engineering projects. But amidst this whirlwind of change, how do we ensure we’re harnessing these tools effectively to not only deliver projects but also advance our own professional growth? While the core principles of engineering remain steadfast, the processes by which we achieve our goals are undergoing a seismic shift. Digital solutions now empower engineers to leverage computational thinking, analytical prowess, and problem-solving skills to address complex challenges with unprecedented speed and efficiency. The magic lies in the ability to rapidly model, simulate, and iterate designs, turning imaginative concepts into tangible realities. Yet, in this exhilarating rush towards digital fluency, it's vital to remember that technology is an enabler, not a replacement, for sound engineering fundamentals . The ICE attributes technical proficiency, communication skills, leadership, sustainability focus, and ethical conduct — remain the bedrock of professional success. The digital age demands that we not only master these attributes but also understand how they intersect with the digital realm, providing us with deeper insights and more effective strategies to tackle engineering challenges. This article serves as a roadmap, guiding you through the complexities of the digital age, illuminating the path to professional growth and sustainable solutions. We’ll explore how the ICE attributes, when interwoven with digital proficiency, can empower you to navigate your career with purpose, leverage technology strategically, and contribute to a more resilient and sustainable built environment. Rather than diving headfirst into a sea of digital solutions, let’s embark on a journey of purposeful development, ensuring that every step you take is aligned with your long-term goals and the greater good. The Digital Transformation of Civil Engineering The civil engineering landscape is undergoing a profound digital transformation. We're no longer simply using computers as drafting tools; we're harnessing the power of digital twins, data analytics, and most notably, computational design. This paradigm shift is revolutionising the way we engineer solutions, enabling generative and algorithmic design that culminates in visual project development. In my own experience, this visual approach has been instrumental in streamlining the project lifecycle. It fosters a deeper understanding of complex systems, facilitates collaboration, and ultimately leads to more informed decision-making. The skills underpinning this transformation are rooted in computational and algorithmic thinking, coupled with robust problem-solving abilities.  The modern civil engineer must be adept at formulating algorithms based on sound engineering principles and then translating these into visual representations - a process that elevates digital twins to a new level of accuracy and detail. This digital revolution, while brimming with opportunities, presents its own set of challenges. Upskilling and continuous learning are paramount. Civil engineers must invest time and effort in understanding computational thinking and the intricacies of algorithm development.  Furthermore, project management practices need to evolve to accommodate the iterative nature of computational design. Sufficient time and budget must be allocated for development and refinement, recognising that each project, with its unique set of client requirements, demands a tailored approach. Standardisation remains elusive as clients grapple with articulating the full scope of their needs. This necessitates a flexible project plan that can gracefully accommodate scope changes, ensuring that the computational design solution remains aligned with the evolving project vision. However, the opportunities far outweigh the challenges. This dynamic approach empowers us to navigate evolving scopes with agility, providing clients with the freedom to adjust their vision without causing major disruptions. Rapid visualisation capabilities foster stakeholder engagement, even among those without technical expertise. Public consultations become more interactive and insightful, enabling us to identify and address potential issues early in the design process. Ultimately, computational design allows us to pinpoint critical project aspects and proactively mitigate risks, ensuring a more resilient and successful outcome. Computational Design: The Future of How We Make Things is Tech-Driven - from VISUAL CAPITALIST The ICE Attributes: Navigating the Digital Landscape The ICE attributes, the foundation of professional competence in civil engineering, remain indispensable in today’s digital era. However, the advent of powerful digital tools and technologies necessitates a re-evaluation of how these attributes are applied and developed. Let’s explore how each attribute intersects with the digital skillset, empowering engineers to navigate the complexities of modern projects and deliver sustainable solutions. Attribute 1 -   Understanding and Practical Application of Engineering In the digital realm, a deep understanding of engineering fundamentals is not just theoretical knowledge; it's the foundation for effective computational thinking and design. Engineers must be adept at translating their understanding of physics, mathematics, and material science into algorithms that drive innovative solutions. Example : Railway track alignment - When designing optimised railway paths through challenging terrains, computational design empowers engineers to explore countless potential alignments, considering factors like earthworks, gradients, curvature, and environmental impact. By incorporating engineering principles into algorithms, the design process is accelerated, leading to efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions that minimize disruption to the natural landscape. Attribute 2 -     Management and Leadership Digital tools are transforming the way we manage projects and lead teams. Digital-Twins fosters collaborative project management, enabling teams to visualise and coordinate design changes in real-time. Effective leadership and communication ensure that all stakeholders are aligned and informed throughout the project lifecycle. Moreover, computational design aids in strategizing and optimising project management. By simulating various scenarios and evaluating their impact, leaders can make informed decisions about resource allocation, timelines, and risk mitigation. Example : Digital-Twins  fosters collaborative project management, enabling teams to visualise and coordinate design changes in real-time. Effective leadership and communication ensure that all stakeholders are aligned and informed throughout the project lifecycle. Also Read: Leadership style (McGregor's Theory X and Y) Management Theories and their relevance in 2024 Attribute 3 -   Commercial Ability The agility of computational design allows for a more flexible approach to project scoping and contracts. Engineers can proactively address potential changes and uncertainties, ensuring that projects remain commercially viable and aligned with client expectations. The ability to rapidly generate and iterate design solutions, coupled with tools like parametric modelling for rapid cost estimation, can potentially transform the way engineers approach billing and contracts, showcasing the value added through computational design. Example: Parametric Cost Estimation  - Parametric modelling allows for rapid cost estimation based on varying design parameters. This empowers engineers to explore different design options and their associated costs, facilitating informed decision-making and optimising project budgets. Computational Design: The Future of How We Make Things is Tech-Driven - from VISUAL CAPITALIST Attribute 4 -   Health, Safety, and Welfare In the digital age, safety considerations can be integrated into algorithms and simulations from the early stages of design, proactively mitigating risks and enhancing the overall safety of projects. Virtual Reality (VR) simulations can also provide immersive safety training experiences, further promoting a culture of safety. Example: Virtual Reality Safety Training  VR simulations provide immersive safety training experiences, exposing workers to potential hazards and emergency scenarios in a controlled environment. This proactive approach to safety can significantly reduce on-site risks. VR Headset Attribute 5 -       Sustainable Development Digital tools are instrumental in facilitating the optimisation of designs for resource efficiency and sustainability. By simulating the environmental impact of different design choices, engineers can make informed decisions that minimise resource consumption and promote sustainable practices. Moreover, computational design can help identify innovative and sustainable solutions that might not be apparent through traditional methods. Example:  Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)  LCA tools enable engineers to evaluate the environmental impact of materials and design choices throughout a project's lifecycle. By considering factors like embodied carbon and resource depletion, engineers can make informed decisions that prioritise sustainability. Also Read: ISO 1040 Life Cycle Assessment framework - Explained Life cycle stages in Construction works as per BS EN 15978: 2011 Attribute 6 -   Interpersonal Skills and Communication & 7. Professional Commitment Effective communication and collaboration are more crucial than ever in the digital age. Digital tools enhance these skills, enabling engineers to effectively convey complex ideas to both technical and non-technical stakeholders. The commitment to lifelong learning is also paramount, with engineers actively seeking out opportunities to expand their digital skillset and adapt to the ever-changing demands of the industry. Example: Stakeholder Engagement through 3D Visualisation  Interactive 3D visualisations can bridge the communication gap between engineers and non-technical stakeholders. This fosters transparency, facilitates understanding, and empowers communities to actively participate in the design process. Charting Your Roadmap: A Strategic Approach The path to becoming a successful digital civil engineer requires a strategic blend of cultivating ICE attributes and embracing digital tools. It's not about chasing every technological trend but rather about purposeful development and aligning your skills with your career aspirations and the evolving needs of the industry. Skill Development in the Digital Age The ICE attributes provide a framework for professional growth, and in the digital age, this growth necessitates a focus on acquiring and honing relevant digital skills. Here are some actionable steps you can take: Embrace Lifelong Learning:  The digital landscape is constantly evolving, so a commitment to continuous learning is essential. Seek out online courses, workshops, and conferences that focus on computational design, data analytics, BIM, and other relevant technologies. Seek Mentorship and Collaboration:  Connect with experienced professionals who can guide you on your journey. Collaborate with colleagues from diverse backgrounds to gain exposure to different perspectives and approaches to problem-solving. Experiment and Apply:  Don't be afraid to experiment with new digital tools and techniques. Apply your learning to real-world projects, even if it's on a small scale initially. The hands-on experience will solidify your understanding and build your confidence. Develop Soft Skills:  While technical proficiency is crucial, don't neglect the importance of soft skills like communication, leadership, and commercial awareness. These attributes are essential for effective collaboration, project management, and client relations. Purposeful Technology Adoption The abundance of digital solutions can be overwhelming. It's important to adopt technology strategically, focusing on tools that align with your career goals and the specific needs of your projects. Identify Your Niche:  Determine your areas of interest and expertise within civil engineering. This will help you focus your digital skill development on the most relevant tools and technologies. Assess Project Requirements:  Before adopting a new tool, carefully assess its potential benefits and drawbacks in the context of your current projects. Consider factors like cost, learning curve, and compatibility with existing workflows. Start Small and Scale Up:  Don't try to learn everything at once. Start with a few key tools and gradually expand your skillset as you gain experience and confidence. Stay Informed:  Keep abreast of emerging technologies and industry trends. This will help you anticipate future needs and proactively adapt your skillset. Mentorship and Inspiration: Learning from the Trailblazers The journey to becoming a successful digital civil engineer is not one you have to take alone. Seek out individuals who have already navigated this path and learn from their experiences. Look for mentors who embody the qualities of a digital innovator, collaborative leader, and client-focused problem-solver. These individuals will likely exhibit a combination of the following behaviours and approaches: Technical Expertise and Innovation : They possess a deep understanding of both engineering fundamentals and cutting-edge digital tools. They are constantly exploring new technologies and pushing the boundaries of what's possible in design and construction. Collaborative Leadership : They foster a culture of collaboration and knowledge-sharing, empowering their teams to embrace digital tools and contribute their unique perspectives. They understand the importance of clear communication, active listening, and building trust. Client-Centric Problem-Solving : They prioritise understanding client needs and expectations, using their digital skills to develop solutions that are both technically sound and commercially viable. They are adept at translating complex technical concepts into clear and compelling narratives that resonate with stakeholders. Continuous Learning and Adaptation : They recognise that the digital landscape is constantly evolving and are committed to lifelong learning. They actively seek out opportunities to expand their skillset, stay abreast of emerging technologies, and adapt to new challenges. Passion and Purpose : They are driven by a passion for engineering and a desire to make a positive impact on the world. They see digital tools as a means to achieve a greater purpose, whether it's creating sustainable infrastructure, improving community resilience, or advancing the field of civil engineering. By connecting with these mentors and learning from their journeys, you can gain valuable insights into the skills, behaviours, and mindsets required to thrive in the digital age. Ask them about the challenges they faced, the strategies they employed, and the lessons they learned along the way. Their experiences can serve as a source of inspiration and guidance as you chart your own path towards a fulfilling and impactful career in digital civil engineering. Remember, the ICE attributes provide a timeless compass, but the journey is yours to navigate. By actively seeking mentorship, embracing lifelong learning, and integrating digital skills with your core engineering knowledge, you can unlock your full potential and contribute to a more sustainable and prosperous future. Conclusion In this digital age, the ICE attributes remain a steadfast compass for civil engineers navigating an ever-evolving landscape. Technical proficiency, leadership, commercial acumen, a focus on safety and sustainability, communication skills, and professional commitment – these are the pillars that underpin success, both now and in the future. As we've seen, digital tools offer incredible potential to amplify these attributes and accelerate the delivery of innovative, sustainable solutions. But it's crucial to remember that technology is a means to an end, not an end in itself.  As Simon Sinek wisely states, “Leadership is not about being in charge. It’s about taking care of those in your charge.” In the context of civil engineering, this means prioritising the development of the ICE attributes and using digital solutions as tools to serve a greater purpose – the advancement of human civilisation and the creation of a sustainable built environment. My encouragement to aspiring and practicing engineers is this: Don't get lost in the rabbit hole of pursuing every new digital trend. Instead, focus on mastering the ICE attributes. They provide a solid foundation for a fulfilling and impactful career. Embrace digital solutions as powerful enablers, constantly upgrading your skills and knowledge, but always with a clear understanding of the purpose behind your work. The ICE attributes offer a timeless roadmap , guiding us towards a future where civil engineers play a pivotal role in shaping a better world. By combining technical expertise with ethical conduct, leadership, and a commitment to sustainability, we can harness the power of digital solutions to create infrastructure that serves the needs of both present and future generations. For further insights and discussions on the intersection of civil engineering, digital innovation, and sustainability, I invite you to explore my YouTube channel:   The Digital Builder Let's not just build for today, but for a brighter tomorrow.

The spacious, two-story-high lobby at the Park Avenue entrance affords views through the building to Madison Avenue. Rendering credit: DBOX for Foster + Partners . Introduction JP Morgan Chase's new global headquarters at 270 Park Avenue stands as a testament to modern architectural and engineering excellence. Designed by the renowned architectural firm Foster + Partners, this 1,388-foot (423-meter), 60-story  skyscraper is set to redefine New York City's skyline upon its completion in 2025. The building is poised to become the city's largest all-electric tower, operating with net-zero carbon emissions , and is powered entirely by renewable energy sourced from a New York State hydroelectric plant. 270 Park Avenue (Rendering image) This ambitious project not only reflects JP Morgan Chase's commitment to sustainability but also exemplifies innovative design and construction practices in a dense urban environment. Situated in Midtown Manhattan, 270 Park Avenue replaces the former Union Carbide Building , marking a significant transformation in the city's architectural landscape. The project aligns with the Midtown East rezoning plan , enacted in August 2017, which aims to revitalize the area by permitting higher as-of-right densities in exchange for public space improvements. This initiative seeks to modernize office spaces, enhance public realms, and reinforce Midtown East's status as a premier business district. The collaboration between Foster + Partners and structural engineers Severud Associates has resulted in the design of a 1,388-foot (423-meter), 60-story skyscraper at 270 Park Avenue, set to be New York City's largest all-electric tower with net-zero operational emissions. This state-of-the-art global headquarters for JPMorgan Chase will house up to 14,000 employees, offering 2.5 million square feet of flexible and collaborative space. The building will also provide 2.5 times more outdoor space at ground level, featuring wider sidewalks and a large public plaza on Madison Avenue with natural green spaces, thereby contributing to the enhancement of the public realm in Midtown East. 270 Park Avenue (Actual image) Project Overview and Key Details Location:  270 Park Avenue, Midtown Manhattan, New York. Height:  1,388 feet (423 meters), 60 stories. Total Area:   2.5 million  square feet of flexible and collaborative office space. Purpose:  Serves as the new global headquarters for JP Morgan Chase, replacing the previous building on the same site. Unique Facts:  This project is notable for being the first skyscraper fully demolished and rebuilt on the same site. The previous structure, the Union Carbide Building , was deconstructed to make way for the new state-of-the-art facility. The construction phase is expected to generate over 8,000 jobs , involving more than 40 local unions , and contribute approximately $2.6 billion  to New York City's economic activity. Structural Designer:   Severud Associates . Architect: Foster + Partners , a renowned British architectural firm led by Lord Norman Foster Facade Designer:   Foster + Partners . Subcontractors:  Notably, the project includes steelwork supplier Banker Steel , steel subcontractor NYC Constructors , and curtain wall supplier New Hudson Façades . Advisors:   Robert Bird Group  serves as the construction engineering and Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) consultant, provided services such as project modeling and logistics planning. Contractor:   AECOM Tishman  is the main contractor overseeing the construction process. Project Manager: Tishman Construction , serving as the construction manager for the project. Additionally, AECOM/Tishman is listed as the construction manager for the project 270 Park Avenue  front elevation image ( Photo by: Michael Young ) Structural Design The architectural vision for 270 Park Avenue, crafted by Foster + Partners, emphasizes both aesthetic appeal and structural integrity . The building features a steel-framed structure complemented by a robust concre te core, enhancing its lateral stability and resilience against environmental forces   such us high winds, seismic activity, and potential differential settlement due to varying soil conditions. To mitigate wind-induced motion, a 280-ton pendulum-type tuned mass damper is installed on the 54th floor, effectively controlling building accelerations and ensuring occupant comfort. Additionally, the foundation design addresses challenges posed by underlying train tracks, utilizing a 16-inch thick, 10,000 psi post-tensioned concrete slab to distribute lateral forces and accommodate the unique site conditions. Also Read: A Structural Review: The Shard | London designed by WSP Architectural Review of the Shard | London | Renzo Piano It’s construction employed a high proportion of low-carbon materials, including concrete that substituted ground glass pozzolans (GGP) for 40%  of the cement in all structural concrete except the 16,000-psi mix. Use of locally sourced GGP in 52,000 cubic yards  of concrete saved about 5,000 tons of embodied carbon and diverted more than 28 million  glass bottles from landfills, as estimated by the GGP producer.  The steel reinforcement in the concrete is made from nearly 100% recycled steel  while the 94,000 tons  of structural steel framing contains over 90% recycled material . Remarkably, 97%  of the demolished Union Carbide building was reused, recycled, or upcycled. Major components of the lateral system are depicted in the below given figures. Exterior macro-braces on the east and west facades are configured in a distinctive diamond shape and augment the lateral system.       East-west braced frames North and south exterior elevations North-south braced frames 270 Park Avenue: Braced frame structure (Illustration by Severud Associates ) One of the standout design elements is the innovative fan-column structure  at the base, which, along with triangular bracing , allows the building to rise approximately 80 feet  (24 meters) above street level. Left to right: 270 Park Avenue ( Photo by Michael Young ), A fan column and its forged steel node. Thermal blankets controlled cooling after field welding. ( Photo by Severud Associates ), A section of shear wall stands before installation of formwork. ( Photo by Severud Associates ) This design not only provides structural support but also creates open, column-free spaces at ground level, enhancing pedestrian accessibility  and urban integration . The interior boasts large, unobstructed floor plates, offering maximum flexibility for various office layouts and fostering a collaborative work environment. The facade incorporates a high-performance glass curtain wall system , utilizing full-height triple-glazed insulating glass units with custom coatings. This approach maximizes natural light penetration while optimizing energy efficiency, contributing to the building's sustainability objectives. 270 Park Avenue. Rendering © DBOX for Foster + Partners Key Challenges in Construction Constructing a supertall skyscraper in the heart of Midtown Manhattan presents unique challenges, particularly concerning foundation design and urban constraints. Site Constraints : The presence of Grand Central Terminal  and Grand Central Madison beneath most of the site left limited space for foundation placement. Narrow Foundation Gaps : Tracks and platforms allowed only narrow gaps—sometim es just 48 inches  (1.22 m)  wide —for new structural support. Utility & Infrastructure Limitations : Existing power, signal, and utility lines could not be relocated due to high costs. Uneven Support Conditions : The western quarter had more direct bedrock support, but symmetry constraints required careful column placement. Complex Load Transfer System : A two-story-high transfer structure (“ Tabletop ”) was needed to distribute loads effectively. Heavy Structural Loads : Super-columns carried nearly 100,000 kips  each, demanding advanced foundation solutions. Construction Constraints : The site was limited by underground railroad tracks and the need to protect the trainshed roof. Fabrication Challenges : Large steel nodes required forged steel fabrication to handle high stresses efficiently. Massive Plate Girders : 25-foot-deep  girders, each weighing ~ 1,800 tons , had to be transported, lifted, and assembled in sections. Limited Site Access : Only Madison Avenue allowed deliveries, requiring precise crane placement and sequencing. A caisson is drilled between train tracks. Access was extremely Limited (Photo by Severud Associates ) Forgings, like this steel node, are weldable and safely transmit high stresses on multiple axes (Photo by Banker Steel ) Conclusion In summary, JP Morgan Chase's new headquarters at 270 Park Avenue exemplifies a harmonious blend of innovative design, structural ingenuity, and sustainable practices. The collaborative efforts of architects, engineers, and construction professionals have culminated in a landmark development that not only enhances New York City's skyline but also sets new standards for future urban skyscrapers. Constructing a high-rise office building in New York City’s dense urban environment is difficult under the best of circumstances. Building one where a high-rise office tower already exists is even more challenging. To attempt to do so above active railroad tracks borders on the impossible. But with thorough study, extensive analysis, and enthusiastic collaboration, JPMorgan Chase and its experienced design and construction team was able to pull it off—without significantly disrupting or altering the trains below. The building is expected to be completed in 2025.  “In 1811, when this site was countryside, the city commissioners created a masterplan for New York. It was bold, innovative, and reflected an optimism for the future . Today, over two hundred years later, the same things are true of 270 Park Avenue. The building is a great investment in the city, the bank, and the wellbeing of the 14,000 people who will occupy it. It does more with less – more public space, fresh air, light and views – and less carbon through electric, green energy.”  –Norman Foster Used Links: https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/documents/nyc-270-park-overview.pdf https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/270-park-avenue https://architectuul.com/architecture/union-carbide-building https://www.archdaily.com/1010143/foster-plus-partners-tops-out-jp-morgans-skyscraper-hq-in-new-york https://newyorkyimby.com/2024/12/exterior-work-continues-on-jpmorgan-chases-supertall-headquarters-at-270-park-avenue-in-midtown-east-manhattan.html https://www.structuremag.org/article/270-park-avenuemodern-structure-for-a-modern-workplace/ https://www.robertbird.com/rbg-projects/270-park-avenue/ https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/projects/270-park-avenue-new-york-usa/ https://buildingelements.com/the-rise-of-270-park-avenue-a-sustainable-building-thats-transforming-the-manhattan-skyline/ https://www.reddit.com/r/StructuralEngineering/comments/15er11e/not_an_engineer_but_i_find_this_foundation_amazing/ https://www.curbed.com/2023/04/270-park-avenue-jpmorgan-chase-headquarters-foster-partners.html https://www.stirworld.com/see-news-foster-partners-unveils-design-for-new-jpmorgan-chase-headquarters-in-new-york

Water can be chemically combined within soil particles ( chemically or electrically) Water can be easily absorbed in a thin layer of soil. It can freely flow within the pores affecting the overall strength of the soil. 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories. 👈 EFFECTS of water on soil Consolidation Soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure due to pore water pressure. Clay: has a very low coefficient of permeability. definition of the coefficient of permeability : The measure of the capacity of the soil with which the water can easily flow through it. Essential Books for Civil Engineering Students Amazon's Choice Tower of Pisa Consolidation takes a long time and they have a non-uniform settlement happens (e.g. tower of Pisa) The effects of consolidation are most conspicuous where a building sits over a layer of soil with low stiffness and low permeability, such as clay, leading to a large settlement over many years. You May Also Like Definition of Uplift Pressures in structures | Soil Mechanics What Uplift pressure means? An uplift pressure is any pressure exerted beneath a structure (e.g. A retaining wall) that could raise the structure higher relative to its surrounding ground levels. Most common uplift pressures come from water pressures present around... Read more Types of construction project where consolidation often poses technical risk include the construction of embankments, tunnel and basement excavation in clay Capillary Action Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces such as gravity. With the combination of the surface tension caused by cohesion within the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and container wall act to propel the liquid. Cohesion: property of like molecules sticking together The surface tension of the liquid: The property of the surface to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules. Pore water pressure (u) = h*γw γw = unit weight of water (10 kN/m3) A History lesson The first recorded observation of capillary action was by Leonardo da Vinci . A former student of Galileo, Niccolò Aggiunti, was said to have investigated capillary action. In 1660, capillary action was still a novelty to the Irish chemist Robert Boyle, when he reported that "some inquisitive French Men" had observed that when a capillary tube was dipped into water, the water would ascend to "some height in the Pipe". Boyle then reported an experiment in which he dipped a capillary tube into red wine and then subjected the tube to a partial vacuum. He found that the vacuum had no observable influence on the height of the liquid in the capillary. Some OTHER effects of water on soil Shrinkage/Swelling: due to loss or gain of water. Collapse compression: loose of strength. Liquefication: bonds break due to water pressure. Piping/erosion: formation of voids within a soil causes the removal of material by seepage displacement. Blow out/ Heave: displacement resulting from moisture absorption. Read more: 5 Structures you can't miss when visiting Madrid, Spain Planning a trip to Cologne? This is everything you need to know about Cologne Cathedral What's the most impressive ancient structure in the world?

Opening the door to a world “unknown” From the Pritzker Prize-winning architect Francis Kéré, we get a glimpse into a world he has known his entire lifetime. In a recent interview with Anne Quito , Kéré and Quito have an exquisite and insightful dialogue about what his experiences living and growing up in Africa are, what the West is missing from the narrative, and how design has allowed him to embody who he is and natures influence on his work. Firstly, lets introduce Diébédo Francis Kéré. Born on April 10, 1965, in the village of Gando, Burkina Faso, Kéré became a Burkinabé architect recognized for creating innovative works that are sustainable and collaborative in nature. He studied architecture at the Technical University of Berlin and graduated in 2004. While studying, he established the Kéré Foundation (formerly Schulbausteine für Gando) and founded Kéré Architecture in 2005. His architectural practice has been recognized internationally with awards including the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (2004) for his first building, the Gando Primary School in Burkina Faso, and the Global Holcim Award for Sustainable Construction 2012 Gold. Kéré has completed many projects in several countries including Burkina Faso, Mali, Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique, Togo, Sudan, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the USA, and the UK. He was a professor at a multitude of universities including the prestigious Harvard Graduate School of Design, Yale School of Architecture, Swiss Academia di Architettura di Mendrisio, and the Technical University of Munich. His latest achievement is being the first African to win the 2022 Pritzker Architecture Prize. The Triennale Milano’s new exhibition is tackling the Unknown Unknowns. An Introduction to Mysteries: a deep experience, which involves designers, architects, artists, playwrights, and musicians, and gives us the opportunity to overturn our idea of ​​the world. Francis Kéré is tasked with representing the culture of Africa as a curiosity in an international exhibition (which is no easy task). “Kéré described the job of representing Africa at the Triennale as both a privilege and a burden.” —  QUARTZ AFRICA Rather than publishing a long and complicated manifesto, he instead offers examples in the form of installations that show off the originality of Africa while removing any myths and misinformation. Some of his installations include a seating area at the Triennale’s cafe that evokes community gatherings around a big shady tree practiced throughout Africa and a 40-ft immersive tower at the Triennale’s entrance that invites visitors to kneel at one point. The structure is meant to convey the exhibition’s theme of navigating the “Unknown, Unknowns” as well as showcase building techniques and materials remaining in Africa. The sketch of Francis Kéré's 'The Future's Present' tower at the entrance of Triennale | image courtesy of alpha kilo The Kéré and Quito dialogue summarized below is meant to give us more insight into what he wants us to understand about Africa. “Kéré : It’s so immense and culturally diverse; it’s a continent with its own values, history, and expectations on life.” Quito starts the interview by asking Kéré what the world does not know about Africa still. From his perspective, he states that it's clear the West does not understand what matters to young Africans. Rather than seeing it as a young, dynamic continent, Africa is still seen as a place that needs help. print custom invitations If we don't know what matters to our neighbors, then we will never really know them. Additionally, he goes on to say how people in the West consider Africa as only one country. People are not aware of just how large the continent is and how many different countries exist. The next question Quito asks is how he feels about being asked to be a kind of ambassador for the continent. “ Kéré : Being able to talk about Africa is a privilege. I came from a very poor country and suddenly, through design, I have this kind of visibility.” He wants to highlight the idea that even though people are fighting to make a living, they’re generally happy and enjoy life. Having a sense of self-awareness is the key. Just because something makes Western people happy doesn't mean Africans want that. For example, big cars might make an American happy but in Burkina Faso, a good mango tree or a beautifully-designed house out of wood or cement blocks may be more meaningful. Happiness is relative. Installation 'Under a Coffee Tree' by Francis Kéré at the Triennale's café | image courtesy of alpha kilo Quito furthers the interview by asking Kéré if he aspires to link happiness and architecture in his work. Kéré: For me, creating something that helps people lead better, healthier lives is one of the main goals of architecture. I think about this no matter what project I’m working on. He discusses how he approaches his design. He used a chair as an example explaining how he wants people to feel both physically comfortable and also emotionally supported so that they may feel stronger and want to give back to the community. 'Yesterday's Tomorrow' installation is built in the central square of the exhibition hosting the international participations, built as a tribute to the vernacular architecture of Burkina Faso | image © DSL studio Quito continues by asking Kéré what makes African architecture worth knowing. Kéré: Throughout Africa, groups of people have found a way to live in harmony with nature. If you look at the carbon footprint of this huge continent, it’s producing less than 5% of the world’s total emissions. Perhaps we can contribute [ideas] for the rest of the world. Kere talks about his installment at the Triennale called “Yesterday’s Tomorrow.” He says it is about the importance of the past. He speaks about building from knowledge and experience to really serve humanity. It is up to the designers to always consider how it could benefit everyone and thing involved. And if we don’t take this into consideration, we will fail. Quito wraps up the interview by asking Kéré how winning the Pritzker Prize has changed his life. Kéré: This [award] is the best thing that can happen to someone. It will for sure change my life completely and the life of my office. The Pritzker is a big recognition, but I see it more as a push to go forward, you know. I’ve been awarded courage — I feel it, I see it. It’s like saying, “Go, Francis. Do it. Don’t fear.” I feel I have so much energy than ever before. He works and creates from the heart and the mind. He knows he is ready to really keep going. He is hoping that with this new visibility he can use these opportunities to expand his architecture from small to big and really try to care for humanity. “Keep caring — that’s what we’re trying to do.” It is intelligent, compassionate, and creative individuals like Kéré that are what makes being in the AEC industry something to take pride in. He goes above and beyond for the people he cares about and always takes into consideration the community and nature when it comes to design. If more people designed structures with the same kind of intent and love that Kere does, we may just be able to grow in a more sustainable direction for the sake of mankind. References Francis Kéré Becomes First Black Architect to Win Pritzker Prize Acclaimed Burkina Faso-born architect Diébédo Francis Kéré has been named the 2022 Pritzker Prize Laureate, becoming… galeriemagazine.com 23rd International Exhibition | Triennale Milano The 23rd International Exhibition is conceived as a space for open and plural debate and comparison, where different… triennale.org francis kéré leads the crowds into the unknown unknowns of the 23rd triennale 23 national pavilions arise for Triennale's 23rd International Exhibition . Curated by Pritzker Prize winning architect… www.designboom.com https://qz.com/africa/2187163/francis-kere-at-the-triennale-milano-how-the-west-sees-africa/?utm_source=email&utm_medium=daily-brief&utm_content=f584998d-03b2-11ed-b18a-5ad9e60c0ce7