The Top 3 tallest buildings to be constructed in the next 50 years 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 1.Burj Mubarak al-Kabir FACTS📐🏗 Height: 1,001 m (3,284 ft) Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait 🇰🇼 Status: Proposed Estimated finish date: 2030 2.Jeddah Tower FACTS📐🏗 Height: At least 1,000 m (3,300 ft) Location: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 🇸🇦 Status: On hold Estimated finish date: 2021 3.Suzhou Zhongnan Center FACTS📐🏗 Height: 729 m (2,392 ft) Location: Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 🇨🇳 Status: On hold Estimated finish date: Construction stopped 2015, TBC

General Info 📚 Floor count: 43 Floors Area: 57,530 m2 (619,200 sq ft) Lifts/elevators: 7 Architectural style: Modernism Total Height: 152.3 m (500 ft) The building is named after Uruguay capital city, Montevideo. Architects: Mecanoo Consultant Engineer: abt (Bearing structure and the geotechnical consultancy) The building is one of the tallest woman-designed buildings in the world. Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories. The Montevideo skyscraper was realized in late 2005 on the Wilhelmina Pier next to Hotel New York. Including the M on the roof of the tower, the building is 152 meters high, and that was for a long time the tallest building in the Netherlands. Montevideo represents the ambition of the city of Rotterdam for the urbanization of specific locations with specific projects, particularly in the area of housing. Designed by: Francine Houben (1999-2005) The M confirms Rotterdam’s maritime tradition and shows all Rotterdammers the wind direction. Together with the water tank on the lower-lying roof, the M makes the Holland-Amerika feeling complete. The building refers to the Holland-America feeling that the site evokes: the place where ocean steamers and cruise ships made the crossing from Rotterdam to New York. You May Also Like: Top 5 engineering consulting firms 2019 The top three floors form a penthouse with a swimming pool. In addition, accommodation for offices, shops and restaurants is to be found in the building. It consists of a concrete structure poured in situ up to the 27th floor. Read more: What's the most impressive ancient structure in the world? Concrete variable radius arch dam explained New York City is planning to expand Manhattan into East River to battle climate change RECOMMENDED VIDEO FOR YOU Engineering 🏗 The top levels are borne by a steel structure that facilitates a flexible subdivision. Montevideo also has an underground car park over two levels. By implementing parts of the structure in steel, the building’s layout is not only far more flexible, but it is also lighter. It was consequently possible to establish the building’s foundation on the first sand layer. This made the building’s construction cheaper. The tower consists of both programmatically and structurally of three components that link up to the function. The ground floor and the first two floors were kept open constructively as much as possible. Strong steel was used for the columns and the concrete core and buttresses provide the necessary stability. Stability is now obtained by diagonally placed steel sections directly behind the façade; the so-called tube façade structure. Naturally, the design of three different structures also meant that bridging structures had to be developed. Heavy beams were developed for this purpose, composed of plates of maximum thickness which are to be supplied according to the S355 quality standard. Source: Mecanoo, abt

By Joakim Silva What is expressed by Romanesque architecture and Gothic architecture? What is the subject matter of Renaissance paintings? The National Palace of Pena is a 19th-century Romanticist castle situated in the municipality of Sintra, Portugal. It was founded upon an abandoned Hieronymite monastery that had fallen into disrepair after the Great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 and Portugal’s outlawing of religious orders in 1834. Don Fernando II, king consort to Queen Dona Maria II, bought the defunct monastery in 1838. Don Fernando commissioned a German architect and landscape designer by the name of Wilhelm Ludvig von Eschwege to construct the palace from 1842 to 1854. The extravagant and imposing structure features an opulence of eclectic styles including neo-gothic, neo-Manueline, neo-Moorish, neo-renaissance and neo-romanesque architectural features. In 1995 the Pena palace was classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage site. Romanticism expressed itself in romanesque architecture through imitations of medieval architectural styles and is attributed to a Gothic revival in the 19th century. It is an intellectual movement that characterised itself in literature, paintings, music and architecture from the late-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth century and places an emphasis on the transcendental, the irrational, the romantic, the emotional, the imaginative, the impassioned and the impetuous characteristics of humanity. The architecture of the Pena Palace expresses a general exaltation of emotion over reason and the senses over intellect. It oozes the sentiments of a profoundly creative genius whose creative spirit is more important than adhering to strict rules. This statement is exemplified by the amalgamate of architectural styles throughout the palace and a transition from the vibrant yellow Islamic dome tower to its embellished Moorish façade tiles connected to a pristine red gothic clocktower. Romanesque architecture is a 10th to a 13th-century architectural style characterised by wide, rounded semi-circular arches decorating the structure and exhibiting thick walls, columns, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, roofs and symmetrical plans. It combines features of Roman and Byzantine buildings and decorates the structure with geometric shapes including squares, chevrons, circles and the half-circles of arches. Gothic architecture was prevalent in the mid-12th to 16th century and is often characterised by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses and ornate decoration. Rather than the wide rounded arches, gothic arches are usually pointed, tall and thin. The Pena Palace features both gothic and romanesque arches throughout its walls elegantly deviating between the two styles for each level of the façade elevation. The expression of romanticism was not only exclusive to architecture but also to renaissance art. Shown above is the famous Renaissance painting by Nuno Gonçalves named “Painéis de São Vicente” or “Saint Vincent Panels” 1470AD. Generally, renaissance art is marked by a gradual shift from the abstract forms of the medieval period to the representational forms of the 15th century. Subjects grew from mostly biblical scenes to include portraits, spectacles from Classical religion, and events from contemporary life. Saint Vincent Panels is indicative of such art placing a religious subject, Saint Vincent, the patron Saint of Lisbon, as the centrepiece in the two middle panels dressed in red, gold and white robes and surrounded by nobility and other important members of Portuguese society. It is understood to be a representation of the Portuguese court and of several social groups of the 15th century. The scene evokes a representational view of the Portuguese nation during the Avis Dynasty when Portugal was expanding overseas and into North Africa. Gallery of the Pena Palace exhibiting a Romanticist’s vision of Romanesque and Gothic architecture:

By Joakim Silva Q: Do you think that you could have gone as far in your field without an engineering degree? I would like to introduce myself to you as a trainee quantity surveyor in the Commercial Department of Midgard Ltd. I am now 26 years of age. After following the conventional route of education I was fortunate enough to attain a 2:2 university degree in Biochemistry with Management at Imperial College London. After graduation, I was unemployed with a £50,000 debt and did not know that my ideal job as a quantity surveyor existed at that point. At the end of the degree program, I did not know what I was passionate about or where I would fit into society in terms of career. I gained a vast amount of soft skills from my management year that would later apply in my profession. After graduation, I was volunteering at my local church providing food to the homeless and needy in society for 6 whole months! And I must admit I was eating the food too because I was so tight on finances at the time. In my quest for employment and a deeper meaning to life, I stumbled upon a job opening in my firm and was given the opportunity to work with a 3-month probationary period based on my performance without a degree in civil engineering or quantity surveying. Perhaps I had never seen the obvious in connecting the dots in my life but I developed a genuine passion for quantity surveying from discovering it and actually working as a quantity surveyor for my day job for 8-months. Prior to joining the firm I did a considerable amount of research about the projects Midgard was involved in, I made a financial statement for the firm to see where it was heading, which was promising, I liked the size of the company, and I also purchased the Quantity Surveyor’s pocketbook for some background reading into the profession. I discovered that quantity surveying is a practical and philosophical discipline originating in 1805-1815 during the Napoleonic wars. In 1828 separate trades contracting was discontinued for public works in favour of general contracting after enormous costs in construction works, most notably Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle. Estimating and costing was required in the construction industry, but quantity surveying itself was not an established profession under a general contractor. I am very fond of history and where things originate from, so it was a nice touch to learn this. Although I had my doubts as to the origins of quantity surveying because surely the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks required detailed planning and estimating for their constructions? Most recently I was approved for applying for a Level 6 apprenticeship scheme paid by the firm in Quantity Surveying with Commercial Management at the University of Westminster. I have an interview in two weeks to decide my fate and future in the profession, whether or not the university will accept me on their course. I believe completion of the course will enable me to become a Chartered Quantity Surveyor. I think that the opportunity given to me within the firm shows that you don’t have to have a background in civil engineering to go far and that the degree and the rest of your work experience can come after you discover, or in my case rediscover your passion. On a daily basis, I read technical drawings, estimate measurements using the on-screen takeoff software, prepare a bill of quantities for tender, make tender enquiries with subcontractors and assist the Senior Quantity Surveyor with those enquiries. I have particularly enjoyed the current construction project I am working on because it’s a live construction site. I get to physically go on site and see how the specifications and estimates result in something tangible. I love how piecing together elements of the construction process enables you to see how important steps result in a finished product: a building. In summary to answer the question: I am just at the beginning of my profession in quantity surveying without a degree and now I have the opportunity to get one through finding my passion. I have a tremendous amount of respect for civil engineers and architects, interior designers and the like, and I hope to meet you all one day. Kind regards, Joakim Silva

Sponsored by Jobsora In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, many employees were sent by employers to work remotely. This is due to a reduction in the risk of infection in public transport and in crowded places, such as office spaces. There is a separate category of workers called freelancers. They are already accustomed to work at home, without any problems they are engaged in independent organization of the process. But for those who are accustomed to the usual routine, interacting with colleagues and even their chair, it is extremely difficult to get used to the children running around and the lack of necessary tools. In this article, readers will be able to get the most effective recommendations. Do not despair, because the modern world with its mobile communications and access to the global network provides unlimited opportunities. Five critical steps 1. Ergonomics of the workplace. Here you need to be a little selfish, taking yourself the best table and chair. Children can draw in the kitchen, and one needs to give way to the main work force and source of income. Eliminate sources of unnecessary light, use an adjustable lamp with even illumination at dusk. Elbows should not hang from the countertop, otherwise the shoulders and shoulder girdle will be very sore. As you work at home, gradually adjust the parameters, do not tolerate inconveniences. It is not known how long the quarantine will last, and you can develop problems with vision or back during this time. An ideal option would be to work in a separate room, but not everyone has such housing conditions. Even if it comes to pulling the curtains and setting the screens, the presence of someone nearby should not distract. 2. Collecting working tools. Everything you need should be at hand. Drawing accessories, related documentation, books, disks with computer programs. Any departure from the workplace can distract. None of the members of the family will think that a real work process is now going on in the house. You can minimize distraction by solving tasks in stages. The less you leave your chair, the better. Pencils must be sharpened, the phone - charged, and a glass of water, and preferably a bottle, should be near. 3. Establish productivity. Here it is necessary to break down the task into its component parts, and then solve each of them sequentially. You won’t be able to figure it out without self-control. Here is an example of thinking: “I have almost done this stage, it is necessary a little more, and I can get up. Already done. I wonder what in the next part? I’ll fix it, set it to work, and then I’ll leave. Or maybe make a small segment to make it easier later? Yes, I'll do it". So you may not notice how eight hours fly by in half the time. You must constantly be the driving force and the driver in one person. If you do not pull yourself together, then the plans will be frustrated. If you are tired, no one stops you from going to bed during the day to restore strength. 4. Correct the psychological aspects. Psychologists advise constantly praising and encouraging yourself with exhausting homework. Made 50%, and that's half. And 51% is already more than half, and then start the countdown. You can’t call the work boring, unpleasant or uninteresting, constantly complaining about large workloads. Promise yourself a reward at the end of the day, for example, watching a movie, and then, enjoying, repeat that you really deserve it. It is extremely difficult to evaluate your own contribution; ask someone from the family, wife, husband or adult child to do this. 5. Introduce an effective schedule. Breaking the old regime is not worth it. If you are used to getting up at 7 in the morning in order to get to your usual place of work, then do not lose this ability. It’s easy to spoil yourself and then start waking up closer to dinner. It will be extremely difficult to return to the usual system. It is necessary to precisely regulate the lunch break, as well as to accurately think out breaks and occupation for these periods of time. You can water the flowers, just look out the window or do a little workout. But do not be distracted by movies or social media communication, it can drag on for hours. It is advisable for each type of work to provide an approximate deadline for execution. This requires planning the next business day every evening. If it turned out to be done faster, then this should be considered as an advantage. And even if it’s not possible to go outside under quarantine conditions, you can use this time to good use. What is usually spent on the road can be folded into a single package, and also add +2 hours daily. And it turns out that in 4 days we spend 8 hours of travel time spending and squeeze out the same amount of extra long daily time. In total, a five-day work week can be closed in three days. If the management allows. Or they can just raise your salary. The main stumbling blocks Those who try to create a working atmosphere at home most often complain of a number of inconveniences. Consider how to overcome them most effectively: Children and pets. You can explain everything to the child, but the cat lying on the keyboard cannot be reasoned with. You need to have a preventive conversation with the kids. One of the best ways is to completely immerse yourself in loud favorite music with headphones, and then just ignore requests. In 3-5 days, everyone will get used to this situation. The temptation to go on a smoke break or drink tea. Here you will need to establish strict prohibitions for yourself. This will help the smartphone timer. Earlier calls are not allowed to go anywhere. The lunch break can be arranged for the whole family, and drinking coffee is easily transferred to the desktop. Fast fatigability. It is caused by laziness, an uncomfortable chair and monotonous work against the background of sounds at home. Headphones and music will also help here. Constant distraction on people walking nearby. Here it is better to use a screen or put a partition. It can even be a piece of a large cardboard box, but moving objects should not fall into the field of view. Low labor efficiency. To eliminate it, you need to compare the process in the office and at home, and then draw the appropriate conclusions. Lack of computer programs, uncomfortable chair. Is it possible that this is just a desire to watch your favorite videos? What can be done in 8 hours is easily stretched to 12-14. These are questions to one’s own organization skills. You need to ask yourself questions, scold yourself inside, divided into a boss and a subordinate. Incomparable benefit When everything is set up and debugged, and the management no longer doubts the effectiveness of remote work, you can switch to a similar mode in cases of emergency. Outside of a pandemic, a seasonal illness may come, but experience will allow us to switch to a remote work in any force majeure circumstances. Also, before starting work in this mode, we do not suspect to what extent each of us is disorganized. Self-discipline and adherence to the rules will be useful, those will allow you to intensify self-control. And this is a step towards your own business or the beginning of work as a freelance professional.

Sponsored by Jobsora After the quarantine, things will return to normal (or whatever the new normal will look like). The compulsory stay-at-home laws will be repealed and some other restrictions will be lifted making a return to regular work for many employees across the USA and the World the next logical thing to do. It is therefore highly important for businesses to make proper plans for a reintroduction to life in the office. These back-to-work plans must ensure safety for the workers, encouragement for them as well as profitability for businesses. Failure to do so can prove dangerous to the health of the workers and the business itself. Not all businesses can be profitably operated through remote working, and the return to normalcy is a breath of fresh air for such organizations. But how can this transition back to office life be carried out in a safe yet productive manner? Ways to return to work after the quarantine Reconfigure office arrangement: When work resumes, businesses still need to follow social distancing and hygiene regulations that were effected during the pandemic. The work environment will have to be reconfigured to accommodate the new reality. Office seating arrangements will need restructuring. Companies may consider using transparent shields to divide office desks. Also separating entrances from exits at workplaces to keep social distancing laws in effect will go a long way in ensuring the safety of workers and customers. Ensure proper management of employee numbers: With the "6-feet distancing" regulations in place, normal office activities won't be as they were pre-Covid-19. Most workplaces won't accommodate all their workers at the same time. It is only wise to create an effective arrangement for rotating employees' work days. Ensure that the rotation is done in such a way that every arm of the business is still run effectively while worker distancing is still in check. Rotation will limit the risk of spreading viruses in the workplace because the more workers there are in the office at any given time, the higher the chances of contracting the virus. This mean that there will have to be a lot of shifts going on in different offices. Employees need to always be aware of their shifts on time so as not to cripple business activities. Managing employee numbers may mean that some employees will have to lose their current jobs and they will need to find work elsewhere. Continue some remote work: After the lockdown is over, it is advisable to carefully consider every role and decide if some activities can be carried out remotely at least for some months. Some companies will prefer to maintain remote working due to economic reasons while others may be forced to return to the work-from-home life of Covid-19 especially if they are located in high threat areas or if a worker suddenly contracts the virus. After careful consideration, work that can be carried out remotely should remain that way for some time because going back and forth between working centrally and working remotely can take a heavy toll on the business. It is therefore advisable to keep both options open in case of any unforeseen eventualities. A good communication system will be highly beneficial to keep businesses running smoothly in this situation. Restore workplace motivation: A lot of things got changed when the world was hit with the virus. And due to the fact that many employees have been away from their places of work for a long period of time, restarting the office work life may be somewhat unsettling. Also, staff members may never see some of their colleagues again. It is important that business leaders maintain an atmosphere of positivity in the work environment to ensure maximum productivity. Management needs to attend to the concerns of employees in a sensitive manner especially during this period. Businesses need to be more human than ever before in relating with team members to get the best from them. Possible stepping stones The Covid-19 situation has helped many businesses create more productive work routines and also rethink what is important and what is not. For companies who the majority of their workforce can work remotely, it may help save the cost of acquiring large office spaces and other infrastructure. Another thing the pandemic did was to force companies to better the communication between employees and management. The importance of effective communication at work has been realized by many business leaders and it is only wise to not relax it post Covid-19. The quarantine has seen many organizations communicate much more frequently with their staff over the last couple of months than they did before the lockdown. Keeping the lines of communication open between leadership and staff will ensure increased productivity. Positive health practices have also been reinforced in many businesses as a result of the pandemic. How to avoid post quarantine stress The transition back to the regular office work may be very stressful if care is not taken. The secret to return to normal work in a stress free manner is to have effective short term and long term plans in place for the safety of workers and for the productivity of the organization. Many things have been learned over the last couple of months and new ways of doing things have emerged. Organizations should incorporate these lessons learned into their back-to-work plans. Should remote work take the day? Working remotely has been the only option for many businesses since the pandemic, but should this trend continue after the lockdown has been lifted? Should remote working take the place of working centrally? Truth is remote work should be seen as an option and not as a policy. Why it may be more productive to work from the office There are many reasons why it may be more profitable for companies to work in the office rather than work remotely. One of such reasons is a sense of community. Working in an office space creates an air of camaraderie and it goes a long way in ensuring that the work cultures of organizations remain entrenched in workers. When teammates only communicate via video calls or chat, it dampens work culture and that sense of community as a result of being physically in the same place is lost as well. There are more distractions working remotely than working in an office environment. Because of this, work that should take two hours to complete in an office setting without distractions may take well over five hours to accomplish when done at home due to various distractions and lack of supervision. For a lot of employees who can work efficiently without supervision, working remotely may not be so much of a bad thing but what of those who need to be monitored closely before they can deliver? Another reason why working in the office is more profitable than remote work is that work can be managed more easily and the productivity of workers can also be better evaluated. Workers can also be held accountable more effectively if they are working in an office. Remote work on the other hand may not be as easy to manage as many of the traditional management strategies won't work with a remote team. It is quite harder to hold remote workers accountable. Security issues are a major concern when it comes to working remotely. Theft of company hardware and sensitive data is a big source of worry. It may be more profitable to keep some sensitive information and hardware within the confines of an office building where they are relatively safe from physical theft and online hacking. Conclusion Returning to work in the regular office environment is of utmost necessity and the fact that remote working has helped manage some things during the quarantine shouldn't mean the demise of regular office work. Remote work should be seen as an option in running businesses and not a replacement of usual office work.

by Lochan Yadav Coning Of Wheel: The rim or flanges of the wheels are never made flat but they are in the shape of a cone with a slope of about 1 to 20. This is known as coning of wheels. The coning of wheels is mainly done to maintain the vehicle in the central position with respect to the track. When the vehicle is moving on levelled track then the flanges of wheels have equal circumference. But when the vehicle is moving along a curved path then in this case the outer wheel has to cover a greater distance than that of the inner wheel. Also as the vehicle has a tendency to move sideways towards the outer rail, the circumferences of the flanges of the inner wheel and will help the outer wheel to cover a longer distance than the inner wheel. In these ways, smooth-riding is produced by means of coning of wheels. Advantages of Coning of Wheels: Smooth riding - Help vehicle to negotiate curves smoothly Reduces wear and tear of wheel flanges. Damage is caused because of the friction action of rims with the inner faces of the rail top. It prevents, to some extent, the slipping of the wheels. It gives an option of lateral drift of the hinge with its wheels. Disadvantages of Coming of Wheels: Pressure on the outer rail is more while on the inner rail it is less. This results in wear of outer rail. Due to the centrifugal force, the horizontal components tend to turn the rail out and the gauge has a widening tendency. If no base plate is used under the voids sleepers under the edge of the rail are damaged. In order to minimize the above mentioned disadvantages, the Tilting of Rails is done. Tilting of Rails In order to minimize the disadvantages caused by coning of wheels, the rails are tilted inwards at an angle of 1 in 20. This reduces wear on the rail as well as on the tread of the wheel. Tilting of rails can be achieved by: Adzing of Sleepers Use of Canted Base Plate. Advantages of Tilting Of Rails The wear at the head of the rail is uniform, It maintains the gauge properly It increases the life of sleepers and rails.

Sponsored by Jobsora It's a new world order, and the way we live is changing faster than we could ever have imagined. Who could have foreseen that the businesses that will survive in the first quarter of 2020 will only be those with activities that can be carried out remotely? This is a change we never saw coming, and which many businesses were not prepared for. But the change is here, and it's only right that companies learn to adapt to the new trend. The tides have changed quickly in the labour market, and while some opportunities are disappearing, others are surfacing. Now, it's all about the issue of value. Those that are less valuable to their companies are losing their jobs. Some roles are vacant and need competent persons to take them up. These, amongst other trends, are what we will be looking at in this article, as the world is trying so hard to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. In the past month, a lot of countries suffering high casualty rates CoronaVirus. This led to a lockdown that changed the labour market as we know it. There is a reduction in the need for physical labour, and more for intellectual labour. This simply tells of one thing, the future we have been waiting for, is here. Effect of the Lockdown on Labor Market In a recent report, several millions of jobs are at risk if the lockdown continues for months. In fact, the study was specific to reporting that about a fifth of all workers are under threat. This is indicating to the fact that some sectors of the economy that are not regarded as essentials may hit rock bottom. The good news, however, is that several people are adapting their skillset and expertise to taking on new roles. While there is a drastic job loss in several wholesale, retail, hotel, restaurant and pubs businesses, the digital infrastructure of the world is fostering remote jobs. However, in spite of these shift in the way we work, the economy is still taking a hit. This is simply telling of the importance of the labour market. Your job is important to the growth and sustenance of the country. The crash in the labour market is synonymous to the crash in the economy, and this calls for real-time evolution in the way the labour market functions. For countries that are mainly driven by the labour market, the lockdown has resulted in the state stepping in to ease the pressure on families. But, there is only a limit to how long this can persist. The effect is currently detrimental on the labour market, which lays emphasis on the drastic change to the future of work. There is no telling that the section of the labour market faring efficiently in this period is the remote section of jobs. The world has changed, a new way of life, and doing business is emerging, startups are springing up, and companies are working entirely remotely. The labour market is fast-changing, and many don't seem to recognize this fact. This is a shift, and you, as a job seeker, need to be ready. Realities of Jobs during COVID-19 Pandemic The way we work has changed forever. Those that are not ready for this shift will be left behind, except they learn to adapt to the change. This change is happening in real-time, and very few are noticing it. Remote work is what are holding several companies together. While this change has not been easy so far, we keep learning ways to make things better. People are redoing their schedules to match up with the new conditions they have to work with. It started out being a difficult thing to pull through. However, time has helped workers with adjusting. The truth is, the skill set required to land a job at this moment is different from what used to be expected. Now, to be on the earning side, you need the basics of a computer, internet connection, smart devices, etc. You need soft skills, programming knowledge, writing knowledge. Most of these factors weren't necessary in the pre-Covid world. One thing is, however, sure, the Covid world and the post-Covid world requires these skills. The workflow of companies has been facilitated with the presence of emails, video conferencing platforms, chat rooms, amongst others. Several companies are resigning to the fact that they wouldn't be resuming back to work when the COVID-19 pandemic is over. If companies can work entirely remotely at this time, then there is no need to rent or have a physical space for meetings. The internet infrastructure over the year has developed to a level where it can facilitate these needs. Another major shift is the fact that the 8-hours work period will be obliterated. This is because workers are online all the time. Now, this may have a downside, in that it's easy to lose track of time apportioned to work. The onus will then lie on the worker to set up a system that fits in work, with family time, with personal time, leisure, etc. The boundary has to be set by the individual, as the traditional work time boundaries are no longer there. This makes it harder for workers to maintain a good quality of life, which means it's time to learn how to balance work with the usual way of life in whole different settings. What now is the Future of Work? In the past years, there have been many speculations about what the future of work will look like, how robots and other automated systems will replace people. These speculations went further to foresee a future of more collaborative teams, the need for emotional intelligence, amongst other factors that depict the need for smarter humans in the workplace. All these speculations and forecasts certainly didn't put the Covid-19 pandemic in perspective. A couple of months ago, no one would believe there can ever be a disease outbreak that will put the world on its knees and result in total lockdown. While many agreed that this is a revolution and the pieces of evidence are seen in the way we are currently doing work, and how others are planning to work post-covid, it is still left to be globally established; what would you need to work in the future. No matter how vague the future is right now, some factors and elements are bound to influence the way we work in the future. • Digital Transformation There is bound to be innovation and evolution in the way the internet fosters working. The science-fiction world we have always seen on TV is bound to come at us faster than we ever imagined. The digital transformation of the world is bound to be accelerated. Information will be available to anyone and everyone. This will result in getting jobs done faster, and with more flexibility. Also, due to the increased focus of the agenda, there is no need for extensive PowerPoint presentations, leading to a drastic reduction in the time spent meeting. • Drastic reduction in the number of middle managers and consultants Intermediaries and consultants have been an intrinsic part of the traditional way of working, for a long time. However, this is bound to change as we head forward into the future. There will be a reduced need for project managers, nor executive assistants, and the roles of managers will be gone. Rather than managers, more and more organizations will adopt 'leaders'. • Reduced Business Trips Business trips have always been a getaway from office work, but this is changing, as communication between potential partners, investors, and colleagues will be digital. Right from your living room, you can reach out to, communicate with, and win over the signature of investors and partners in other countries. This revolution is upon us. • Increased use of remote and freelance workers The gig economy has fared well so far. However, there is bound to be a surge in the number of people working from home. Companies will be looking to cut down on staff, in favour of hiring freelance workers when needed. Other than this, most full-time workers would also need to work from home. This is a new dawn for remote working. Final Take The change that is happening to the world is as visible as it can get, even the blind can see it. It is, however, pertinent that you prepare yourself for the future, no matter how uncertain it seems. You need to be familiar with digital skills and tools to survive in the future that is upon us. Once you have yourself skilled up and ready to take on a job, begin your search for remote jobs on Jobsora.

Rising sea levels are one of the results of global warming. As the atmospheric temperature of the Earth continues to increase, the polar ice continues to melt thus making the sea-level rise. Along with many others, a major impact of this is the increase in major flooding and erosion in low-lying, unprotected coastal land. A solution to protecting land from flooding and erosion is the implementation of coast defences. This involves the use of hard and soft engineering to mitigate the effects of the energy transfer that occurs between ocean waves and the land. Soft Engineering Solutions Some examples of soft engineering in coastal defence systems are beach nourishment, dune regeneration and cliff stabilisation. Beach Nourishment Beach nourishment is the process of manually adding truckloads of sand and shingle to the shoreline to either restore or create a beach. This man-made beach can be used not just as a tourist attraction, but as a technique in absorbing wave energy which reduces the impact of the ocean on the land resulting in less erosion. The benefits of this type of coastal defence are that it is commonly considered to improve the look and quality of the shoreline, therefore having a positive effect on the quality of life in the area. Beach nourishment can also be viewed as sustainable as it often involves the re-use of unwanted materials. The sand and shingle are often sourced from areas where it is unneeded and considered as waste. As an example, during the construction of the British Airways i360 on Brighton beach in the UK, 7200 tonnes of shingle and gravel were excavated to make room for structural foundations in the form of 4150 tonnes of reinforced concrete. The excavated material was then transported to another beach and used as a form of beach nourishment. The negative side of beach nourishment is that the procedure produces a high amount of CO2 emissions. Dependant on the size of the beach, many large vehicles are required to transport the shingle from other parts of the country. Due to long-shore drift, the new sand and shingle is moved along the coast and taken away from the proposed area. The life span of beach nourishment is between 1 and 10 years so the process must be performed regularly which makes this coastal defence strategy expensive and unsustainable. Dune Regeneration Dune regeneration is an alternative form of a soft engineered coastal defence. Dune regeneration involves creating or restoring sand dunes around the shoreline. The purpose of these dunes is to provide a barrier between the waves and society and to absorb wave energy. Vegetation is planted in the dunes to help stabilise the dune, also further increasing its ability to absorb wave energy. In order to allow these plants to grow without being disturbed by human activity, the dunes are sometimes temporarily fenced off, or wooden walkways are built over them so humans can avoid stepping on the sand. Similarly to beach nourishment, dune regeneration is accepted socially and environmentally as it often improves the sight of the coast while re-using unwanted materials. However, dune regeneration also provides extra vegetation which improves the sustainability of the coastal defence. The negative impacts of dune regeneration are also similar to that of beach nourishment as the transportation of materials produces CO2 emissions while also having a low life span. Hard Engineering Solutions Examples of hard engineering in coastal defence systems include the likes of sea walls, rock armour, groynes and cliff fixing. Sea Walls Sea walls are large, normally concrete, walls that protect either flat land from flooding or lower parts of cliffs from erosion. The job of a sea wall is to absorb the impact of waves and redirect the wave energy back into the sea. Sometimes sea walls are curved, this is to improve the ability of deflecting waves. A benefit of a sea wall is that they have a lifespan of around 30 to 50 years, meaning they can be considered as a long-term solution to minimise the erosion caused by rising sea levels. Sea walls can also have a secondary function; they can be used as public walkways. One example of this is Brighton’s long stretch of a sea wall that spans over 4 km from Brighton Marina to Saltdean. This sea wall is well used by the public for recreational activities such as walking, cycling and basketball whilst also being used for businesses such as small cafes which bring in tourism. A negative to a sea wall is that they are very expensive to build; £200,000 to £500,000 for 100m in length. So even though the sea wall has a long lifespan, the initial cost of construction is very high. Another debatable negative to a sea wall is that some people will argue that it will ruin the look of the area. However, there are also people that think the sea wall improves the look of the area, so this is not a strong point to make. Groynes Groynes are also a form of hard engineering in coastal defences. Groynes are fence-like structures that are built at right-angles to the shoreline leading into the sea. Their purpose is to break up waves and reduce the waves energy before they reach land therefore reducing erosion. Groynes are usually made from wood but over time, stone groynes are increasing in popularity. Stone groynes are more expensive however they are less prone to decay therefore having a longer lifespan. Groynes are also useful in trapping material being transported by long-shore drift. With this in mind, the combination of groynes and some form of soft engineering would be ideal as the groynes would preserve the beach materials therefore improving the beaches lifespan. The main disadvantage of groynes is that while protecting the local area, they also increase the erosion in areas further along the coast. As the groynes trap material, beaches further along the coast receive less material through long-shore drift resulting in bare land without a beach to absorb the impact of the waves. One example of this is Mappleton, Holderness Coast UK where the rate of retreat inland is between one and two metres every year. In order to protect an area of the coast, another part of the coast must be sacrificed which reduces the sustainability of the use of groynes. Summary Overall, the most sustainable form of coastal management against rising sea levels is a mixture of hard and soft engineering. Without taking expense into account, the combination of a seawall, stone groynes and beach nourishment seems the best solution. The seawall and the stone groynes already have a long life span due to their material and when combined with beach nourishment, the need to resupply the beach with new materials will not occur very often as the groynes help keep the shingle in place. If the cost is an issue, then wooden groynes would be more suitable, and the beach nourishment is not necessary, but the construction of a sea wall seems to be the best solution even though it is expensive. In general, a long term solution would be the ideal choice as it sustains the coast for future generations.

General Information Height to structural top: 192 m Lifts: 30 Floor area: 103,000 m2 (1,110,000 sq ft) Type: Office Tower Design/Structural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Location: Rondo ONZ 1, Warsaw, Poland 🇵🇱 website: https://rondo1.pl/en/about-building 👉 Visit Structures Insider's homepage for more stories.👈 The office complex consists of two buildings: A 40-storey glass tower (Building B) parallel to Aleja Jana Pawła II Avenue and the 10-storey Building A, with a matt opaque glass façade, along Świętokrzyska Street. Rondo 1 offers office and commercial space tailored to the highest standards. Premises for lease can be arranged in any manner to fully meet the needs of the most demanding tenants. The form of this 40-storey office tower was determined following an in-depth study of the emerging office market in Warsaw. By off-setting the elevator core, the plan has been able to accommodate both the open office arrangement preferred by many European and American financial tenants and the cellular office arrangement prevalent in Germany. The atrium separating the elevators from the body of the tower ensures the absolute security of the tenant spaces and provides for a breath-taking reception experience on each floor. You May Also Like: Mercury City Tower Mercury City Tower is 29m higher than the Shard in London, UK, making it the second tallest tower in Europe. The skyscrapers its copper-coloured cladding is what makes it unique. The building was originally designed to be surfaced in reflective silver glass in order to mirror the buildings surrounding but eventually came to be wrapped in equally reflective bronze-tinted glass. Read more... Unique award-winning architecture Rondo 1 was the first tall building in Europe to obtain the LEED® Gold environmental certificate for "Existing buildings". The LEED® certificate for "Existing buildings" involves ongoing verification of the building’s performance parameters and demands continuous performance improvements in order to meet the evolving and ever more stringent requirements of the certification system. Among other things, the process evaluates the sustainability of the location, efficient use of water and energy resources or the materials used. The LEED® Platinum certificate defines the building as a green structure - more energy-efficient, environmentally responsible and user-friendly. Rondo 1 is committed to sustainable development, maintaining green terraces, using environmentally-friendly cleaning products and promoting sustainability among its tenants. Sources: https://web.archive.org, https://rondo1.pl RECOMMENDED VIDEO FOR YOU

Every kind of business company or enterprise needs to have commercial property insurance, whether the company owns the building or they have just leased it from someone else. Commercial property insurances are basically used to cover any kind of commercial property, and these insurances protect the physical assets of the company from different financial damages such as fire accidents, theft, vandalism, explosions, burst pipes, storms, earthquakes, and other natural disasters, etc. Businesses that use millions or billions of dollars worth of equipment, commercial property insurances can be really expensive for them. Businesses can deduct the cost of the premiums of commercial property insurance as expenses. While determining the rate of how much a company will have to pay for commercial property insurance, the values of the assets of the business, the value of the building, etc., are the primary key factors. Before going for commercial property insurance, a company should have a statement of the value of all its physical assets that are located on the property. And this information about their assets will help them determine what should be the exact replacement value for them, and what level of coverage the business should have. Things That Are Covered By Commercial Property Business Every kind of property and asset that are essential parts of your business is usually covered in this insurance. Your building, everything in it, also the things that are just outside it are covered by the commercial property insurance. The covered items will include- ● Business Equipment ● Furniture ● Computers ● Landscaping and fences ● Important Documents ● Inventory ● Exterior Signs ● Other’s property Along with the mentioned items, other important assets will also get covered by the insurance, and you will need to make sure that they are covering everything per your expectations and needs. This is extremely crucial for filing commercial claims. Factors that Needed to be Considered While you are going for a commercial property insurance to insure the assets of your business, you need to consider some factors. As these factors will have huge effects on your insurance coverage and insurance premiums, you need to have a clear knowledge about them, and then you can know what’s coming your way while you are trying to have a commercial property insurance coverage. Knowing these factors will help you find the perfect policy based on your needs, and then you will know what kind of coverage you will get and how much your coverage will cost you. These factors are: Type of the Property Your property will have some unique needs, and you must choose an insurance policy that will take those needs into consideration. Your property building can be an apartment complex, office complex, shopfront, factory unit, or any form of recreational or leisure centre. You must know the defined boundaries of the property, so you can be sure of what responsibilities you will have in terms of securing your personal cover. Securing insurances can be an easy task while you are ensuring your apartments, office complexes, or townhouses. But if you are conducting your business from a more singular environment, like a factory, or a garage or shopfront, you will need to consider a fair bit more. The Business’s Nature What kind of business you will be operating within the property is needed to be considered. Your policy will differ based on the business type, on whatever small or large business you have. You will need to consider what assets regarding your business need to be protected and if you have any other concerns regarding the industry. Potential avenues for business litigation need to be in your mind too. You need to make certain that your policy covers all the potential or foreseeable concerns for your business, and you need to think about all the concerns before meeting the agency critically. For instance, if you are insuring a barbershop, you need to address everything that can disturb the cash flow, such as broken mirrors, plumbing issues, faulty lights, and chairs, etc. You will also need to keep in mind the possibility of an expansion in your business, as well as your business property. If your business is likely to face rapid growth, and if you expand the staff number and property, it will affect your insurance coverage, and you need to discuss this possibility with your insurance company beforehand. Location and Environmental Concerns You will always need to consider turbulent weather conditions while insuring your commercial property. You need to assess the local climate, tall trees around you, the average rainfall of the place, and other environmental issues before getting your policy, and make sure that your policy covers all these possibilities. Also, your geographic location can affect your coverage costs, as it depends a lot on your location how much you can get affected by certain problems. If your property is in a big city, it is likely that you will face more complex problems, and your coverage cost will go up. The Construction and Age of The Property The way your building and other landscapes of the property were constructed, the purposes they serve, how long ago they were constructed, etc. info will have a huge impact on your insurance coverage policy. Your cost and policy will change based on those. If your building is old and has the risk of facing asbestos exposure, you need to make sure that your policy covers that. Final Words Suppose you have a small or large business, and you want to insure your commercial property. In that case, you will need to make sure that you are properly aware of all the mentioned factors beforehand, as these factors will have a huge impact on the policy you get and the cost too. There are some other small factors, too, such as the amount of protection you have taken for fire safety, theft safety, etc.

by Lochan Yadav Gradient Any departure of track from the level is known as grade or gradient. An up or rising gradient is one when the track rises in the direction of movement whereas a falling or down gradient is one when the track falls in direction of the movement. Purpose of providing gradient: To provide a uniform rate of rise or fall to the track. To reduce the cost of earthwork. To reach different stations at different elevations etc. Types of gradient The gradient used on railway 🚂 track can be classified into four categories as follows: Ruling gradient Momentum gradient Pusher or helper gradient The gradient at station yards 1) Ruling gradient: The steepest gradient allowed on the track section. It determines the max load that the locomotive can haul that section. The steep gradient needs more powerful locomotives, smaller train loads, lower speed, resulting in costly hauling. As a rule rising gradients should be followed by falling gradients. With this arrangement, the amount of energy used up in climbing is saved in descending. In plains: 1 in 150 to 1 in 200 In hilly regions: 1 in 100 to 1 in 150 2) Momentum Gradient: The gradient on a section which is steeper than the ruling gradient acquires sufficient momentum to negotiate them are known as momentum gradient. For a momentum grade no obstacle like signal etc , Should be provided at critical points. 3) Pusher gradient: As stated above a ruling gradient limits the maximum weight of a train which can be hauled over the section by a locomotive. If the ruling gradient is so severe on a section that it needs the help of an extra engine to pull the same load then this gradient is known as the pusher of helper gradient. In Darjeeling Railways 1 in 37 pusher gradient is used on Western Ghat BG Track. 4) Gradient at stations: at stations gradient are provided sufficient low due to the following reason: To prevent movement of standing vehicles on the track due to the effect of gravity combined with a strong wind or gentle push etc. To prevent additional resistance due to grade on the starting vehicles which is about twice at the start than a vehicle in motion. On Indian Railways, the maximum gradient permitted is 1 in 400 in station yards while in station yards a gradient of 1 in 100 is recommended. 🌠Grade compensation on curves: If a curve is provided on a track with a ruling gradient, the resistance of the track will be increased. In order to avoid resistance beyond the allowable limits, the gradients are reduced on curves. The reduction in gradient is known as grade compensation for curves. The recommended values for grade compensation are as follows. BG track: 0.04% per degree of curve MG track: 0.03 % per degree of curve NG track: 0.02 % per degree of curve